The Presidents Role in the U.S. Federal Budget Process

The annual federal budget process begins the first Monday in February of each year and should be concluded by October 1, the start of the new Federal Fiscal Year. In some -- make that most -- years, the October 1 date is not met. Here is how the process is supposed to work. The President Submits a Budget Proposal to Congress In the first step of the annual U.S. federal budget process, the President of the United States formulates and submits a budget request for the upcoming fiscal year to Congress. Under the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, the president is required to submit his or her proposed budget to Congress for each government fiscal year, the 12-month period beginning on October 1 and ending on September 30 of the next calendar year. Current federal budget law requires the president to submit the budget proposal budget between the first Monday in January and the first Monday in February. Typically, the president’s budget is submitted during the first week of February. However, especially in years when the new, incoming president belongs to a different party than the former president, submittal of the budget may be delayed. The president’s budget proposal may also be delayed by pressing government financial difficulties. For example, President Barack Obama did not submit his FY 2014 budget proposal until April 10, 2013, due to ongoing negotiations with Congress over the implementation of the budget sequester and mandatory spending cuts dictated by the Budget Control Act of 2011. In fiscal year 2016, the federal budget called for the expenditure of nearly $4 trillion. So, as you might imagine, deciding exactly how that much taxpayer money is to be spent represents a major part of the president’s job. While the formulation of the president’s annual budget proposal takes several months, the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (the Budget Act) requires that it be presented to Congress on or before the first Monday in February. In formulating the budget request, the president is assisted by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), a major, independent part of the Executive Office of the President. The president’s budget proposals, as well as the final approved budget, are posted on the OMB website. Based on the input of the federal agencies, the presidents budget proposal projects estimated spending, revenue, and borrowing levels broken down by functional categories for the coming fiscal year to start on October 1.The president’s budget proposal includes volumes of information prepared by the president intended to convince Congress that the president’s spending priorities and amounts are justified. In addition, each federal executive branch agency and independent agency includes its own funding request and supporting information. All of these documents are also posted on the OMB website. The presidents budget proposal includes a suggested level of funding for each Cabinet-level agency and all programs currently administered by them. The presidents budget proposal serves as a starting point for the Congress to consider. Congress is under no obligation to adopt all or any of the Presidents budget and often makes significant changes. However, since the President must ultimately approve all future bills they might pass, Congress is often reluctant to completely ignore the spending priorities of the Presidents budget. House and Senate Budget Committees Report the Budget Resolution The Congressional Budget Act requires passage of an annual Congressional Budget Resolution, a concurrent resolution passed in identical form by both House and Senate, but not requiring the Presidents signature. The Budget Resolution is an important document providing Congress an opportunity to lay out its own spending, revenue, borrowing and economic goals for the coming fiscal year, as well as the next five future fiscal years. In recent years, the Budget Resolution has included suggestions for government program spending reforms leading to the goal of a balanced budget. Both the House and Senate Budget Committees hold hearings on the annual Budget Resolution. The committees seek testimony from presidential administration officials, Members of Congress and expert witnesses. Based on testimony and their deliberations, each committee writes or marks-up its respective version of the Budget Resolution. The Budget Committees are required to present or report their final Budget Resolution for consideration by the full House and Senate by April 1. Next Steps: Congress Prepares its Budget Resolution

A Report On Quick Start Action Plan Essay - 1089 Words

Quick-Start Action Plan Contents 1. Have A Responsive Website 1 Why You Should Have A Responsive Site 2 Because Social Media Consumption Happens on Mobile 2 Because It Is Preferred For SEO 2 You Are Ready For The Future 2 Don’t worry if you are still a little confused about mobile marketing especially where and when to start. You are not alone. Plenty of companies are turning to digital marketing agencies to help them on their mobile marketing journey. There are also businesses partnering with email service providers to achieve success in this field. You can also take those paths but it is still important to have a mobile marketing roadmap that will tell you what’s ahead and what to expect. Below are the suggested steps that you should be taking to make sure that you are getting the most out of your mobile campaign. 1. Have A Responsive Website 70% of those responding to the research have an existing mobile website that uses responsive or adaptive design. Today, virtually all websites should be mobile ready, so if you don’t already have a responsive site, be sure to update it as soon as possible. It is important to understand what a responsive website is and why yours should be one. First off, there are two major ways to create mobile websites: 1.Responsive design – It means a website that is coded so that it can be displayed properly in any device of any size. 2.Mobile templates – It means having a sub-domain where a mobile version of the site is located. It isShow MoreRelatedThe Star Math Assessment : A Comprehensive Assessment Tool1628 Words   |  7 Pagesdiagnostic, and instructional planning reports. Within the student diagnostic report, teachers obtain a snapshot of a student’s domain scores in each content area. Domain scores range from 0-100 and provide an estimation of mastery at the student’s current grade level. Number sense is divided into the sub-categories of number sense and number operation. 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My Christmas Diary Entry Essay Example For Students

My Christmas Diary Entry Essay I thought it would be possible for me to write every day, but being realistic, it’s not. Also, I’m trying to enjoy the best out of my exchange year, so that means less computer, less cellphone and less social media. I can’t believe it’s the last day of the year, it went by too fast. My last entry was almost a month ago, so I will try to write about everything that has happened in my life since. We put up the christmas tree and it was so much fun, it felt like home. We played christmas music and sang and danced while we decorated. Also, there’s a tradition here in Provence, called â€Å"Crà ¨che de Noel† in french. You put up these little figurines called â€Å"santons† and you build your own little town including Virgin Mary, Joseph and baby Jesus. I will post pictures at the end of the entry. A weekend before the last week of school, Elena (my host sister from Austria) and me tried making eclairs. Needless to say, it was a disaster. But we had fun. The next day we tried making them again with the help from our host parents. They were not so bad. A friend from Mexico, Sergio, came to visit me that same night, he stayed until Monday. It was nice having someone from home. Sunday we went to Aix-en-Provence and there was christmas music and the little christmas market. It was really cute. The next day my host mom told me I could skip school to spend the day with my friend so I stayed and we went to visit La Ciotat and ate a really good burger at a small local restaurant. That same week, the school had an event called â€Å"Classe en Classe† which consists of dressing up real nice (boys with tuxedo and everything) even the teachers. We went shopping and I found a dress and heels to wear. I almost died after wearing heels for the whole day (okay, not really). Friday, the last day of school, my social economics teacher let us bring food. The whole hour we listened to music, talked and ate. She even brought a machine for making tea. On Sunday, a German girl named Seren came to visit. She stayed last year with the family but they got along really well so she came to spend Christmas with them. She was really nice. She stayed 6 days but we did a lot of stuff. One night we went to a nearby village, called Sanary. They had a Christmas light show with music and fireworks and all the sailboats decorated. After that was christmas but I will write about that in another post. Christmas was so much fun with the family. We ate foie gras and opened the presents. I thought it would be harder for me being away from my family and all that, but i really enjoyed it. New years we spent it with a friend of Bea from Italy and her family. Her name is Virginie and she lives in bologna with her husband and two daughters. The oldest daughter ir 12 years old and speaks a little bit of french. The youngest is 9 and she speaks only Italian so it was a bit funny how we talked with her.

Impediments To Disaster Prevention

Introduction There are many disasters that occur in the cities which put a strain on the limited resources. It is the duty of every citizen to look for ways to help in the reduction and prevention of the occurrence of such disasters. Many cities make plans to create new developments and to make improvements in infrastructure that is already in existence. Setting up a system of disaster prevention is crucial for effectively dealing with the impediments.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Impediments To Disaster Prevention specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Disasters like earthquakes have become a common calamity in many parts of the world including Haiti. This paper describes the obstacles of disaster prevention in major cities, examples of recent earthquake disasters and strategies for addressing barriers. Impediments to disaster prevention There are several obstacles that make it difficult to plan before hand fo r disasters. Some of these obstacles include political instability, competing developmental priorities and lack of information on mitigation of earthquakes. Due to political instability, polices are not effectively formulated and implemented to have a good prevention system in place. Competing developmental priorities have had negative influence on policy establishments and their proficiency to deal with calamity risk management. Lack of adequate information on earthquakes has led to the inadequate preparedness and prevention of earthquakes . Examples of recent earthquakes Some of the recent earthquake disaster includes the one that occurred in Haiti in 2010. The earthquake killed more than 200,000 people. Casualties reported were 300,000 and over 1,000,000 people were left homeless. The earthquake’s epicenter was only 10 kilometers below the ground which contributed to its severity. In addition, the Kobe Japan earthquake that happened in 1995 destroyed almost 500,000 units o f houses and caused severe damage to almost 85% of schools, hospitals and public infrastructure in the region. The facilities of the port took slightly over a year to repair and it took a long time for the highly populated city to resume its normal activities . Strategies for addressing the barriers of earthquake prevention Political instability in different cities can be addressed by establishing stable structural institutions that can formulate sound policies and ensure proper implementation so as prevent or reduce occurrence of disasters. Disaster preparedness can be achieved through proper needs analysis so that priorities are clearly outlined.Advertising Looking for case study on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This will help to set aside funds for prevention plans. Lack of adequate information on preparedness can be addressed through carrying out thorough research and training experts on disaster m itigation . Conclusion It might be difficult to control the happenings of nature especially natural disasters like earthquakes. However, measures can be put in place by governments and its citizens to help in the preparedness and prevention of earthquakes. It is important to provide funds for doing research on earthquakes in order to discover areas that are prone to the calamity. With proper knowledge of earthquake prone areas, preparations can be made to relocate people in order to prevent loss of lives and property in the event that an earthquake occurs. Earthquakes have been experienced in many parts of the world which has resulted in massive loss of lives, property and infrastructure. It takes many months and even years to recover from the damage caused by earthquakes.Therefore, it is important for governments to invest in mitigation measures to help deal with earthquakes. Reference List Earthquake Engineering Research Institute. (2008, January). Earthquake Risk Reduction: Addre ssing the Unmet Challenges. The Need for an Interdisciplinary Research Approach. Web. Fema. (2012). IS-393.A: Introduction to Hazard Mitigation. Web. Piotrowski, C. (2010). Earthquake in Haiti: A Failure in Crisis Management? Organization Development Journal , 107-112.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Impediments To Disaster Prevention specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rencoret, N., Stoddard, A., Haver, K., Taylor, G., Harvey, P. (2010, July). Haiti Earthquake Response. Web. This case study on Impediments To Disaster Prevention was written and submitted by user Eleanor Rutledge to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Crime and Robbery misc essays

Crime and Robbery misc essays Words 1 "Crime is the violation of statutes enacted into criminal law by a locality, state, or the federal government" (Macionis, 218). Crimes against property include robbery of another's personal belongings. Property crimes include burglary, larceny, and auto theft. Burglary consists of "the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a [serious crime] or a theft" (Macionis, 220). Larceny is "the unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession of another" (Macionis, 220). Auto theft is "the theft or attempted theft of a motor vehicle" (Macionis, 220). Since the beginning of time there has been crime and theft. In primitive civilizations theft could have included stealing essentials for life (food, water, shelter), women, weapons, etc. In more recent times theft has come to include all material possessions a person has. Only naming several which are money, jewelry, pets, automobiles, etc. For as long as people have legitimately owned or made a legal claim to objects there has been theft. Most criminals steal in order to support expensive habits in which excessive amounts of money are crucial. Poverty is also another significant influence of crime and theft. As well as a lack in morals and values contributes to crime and robbery. Another influence of crime and robbery is that certain crimes are committed to experience a thrill, adrenaline rush or whatever it may be called. No matter what the motive may be, crime and robbery are very frequent and rates are increasing. There is a direct and close correlation of poverty and crime. As the years have passed people have become more and more socially stratified. Thus, creating a feeling of inferiority among the poor and less fortunate. With this feeling people are more inclined to commit crimes, mainly in the form of robbery. The act ...

Marketing Plan ( Customer and Market Profile) Assignment

Marketing Plan ( Customer and Market Profile) - Assignment Example The US has stable political and economic conditions to support the development and marketing of niche products such as the Brain Reader. The socio-cultural and business situation of the country enhances prosperity of the market for this device. Financial aid by the government helps in further development of the product. Needs satisfied by the product The Brain Reader is a product of the twenty-first century, belonging to the new generation of â€Å"portable neural devices and algorithms† (Duncan, 2012) loaded with the capacity to read the different thoughts that go on in the complicated brains of human beings. The brain is a complicated chamber that generates various kinds of thoughts, feelings, desires and emotions. Till date scientists have been putting sincere efforts to develop ways in which the minds of people can be read; hypnosis is one of those methods, but none of these methods have been able to render complete success. It has been proved in various scientific studies that human beings are often unable to report their thoughts properly either naturally or due to some disability. This makes it difficult for them to communicate properly. This specific product has been devised with the aim of bringing immense benefit to a number of sectors. The commodity would have a simple design and would be user friendly. The person using it would be required to wear it on his or her head like a hair band and a small box attached to the band, which acts like a transmitter, would convert the signals generated in the brain into electronic waves that can be seen on a screen in the form of waves. These waves would be converted into words or commands via a software installed in a computer attached to the screen. Thus the thoughts of a person can be read by outside people that are communicating with that person. The transmitter works on a small battery installed within the box and no connection of electricity is required for running this new device. This data would be automatically updated with time and hence it would be easy to study and analyze the data at a later point of time. Market segmentation and target marketing Market segmentation Market segmentation is â€Å"the process of dividing a market into meaningful, relatively similar and identifiable segments or groups† (Lamb, Hair & McDaniel, 2011, p. 259). This is done with the purpose of enabling the marketer to tailor the marketing mixes so as to cater to each segment successfully. For the current product the market segments have been represented through the following pie chart: (Source: Author’s creation) The four market segments identified for the Brain Reader are criminal investigators, HR Departments in private companies, teachers and academicians and psychologists. While criminal investigators and human resource personnel are the target markets, it can also be used by school teachers to make the process of teaching and learning more efficient. Using the Brain Reader a t eacher would be able to measure the level of understanding of the pupils by evaluating their responses to the lessons imparted in a better way than conducting tests. The device would also ease

Chapter discussions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Chapter discussions - Essay Example The individuals with lower levels of education earn much less as compared to the learned individuals with at least one degree. The other factor is ones racial background that has led to minority races in the US to earn much less despite having the same qualifications as those of the majority White race. The government can use public policy to promote equality of all races in employment and lower the costs of education for everybody. Discrimination at work is unethical because it denies qualified individuals an opportunity to work effectively thereby contributing to the economic problem of poverty. Discrimination is an illegal act in the US and those practicing it risk facing legal sanctions. Discrimination in the workplace can be reduced through management diversity in the organization and incorporating policies that seek to employ people of all ages, disabilities and races based on their