The Giving Pledge

A – The Giving Pledge 1) The giving pledge is a growing trend among rich families and individuals in America. It includes that the rich people, who want to join the trend have to donate at least half of their wealth to charity. The people who make the pledge, have all that in common, that even though they give away half of their fortune, they still have more money than they can spend in a lifetime. In text two â€Å"My Philanthropic Pledge† Warren Buffet writes subjectively about the trend, and the reasons why he has make the pledge. He advocates the pledge, and encourages other wealthy people to do the same.One major argue he uses is that even though the supporters have to give away half of the fortune, it doesn’t necessarily means they have to change their lifestyle, but they can change thousands of people’s lifestyles for the better. It can mean life or dead for the poor and suffering, while it means little or big yacht for the rich. All in all, the att itude is very positive about the pledge, and as I wrote before, does Buffet advocate the trend with examples from his own life. He is the founder of â€Å"The Giving Pledge† and has self agreed to donate 99% of his fortune to charity.The attitude and tone is very different in text tree â€Å"The rich want a better world? Try paying fair wages and tax† written by Peter Wilby. Just by reading the headline you can sense the aggressive tone, and know how Peter Wilby sees the trend. He stands as an opponent to the pledge. One of his points is that â€Å"the poor is written out of their own story† – he thinks that the poor have no influence on what the money the wealthy ones have donated is used on, and what the money really should go to, to help them as much as possible.Another main argue he uses is, that to make permanent change in developing countries, the initiative and alteration has to come from the inside – in other words, there has to be a form f or revolution, to make the changes permanent. He also accentuates that the charity given by Warren Buffet, Bill Gates and other rich people place them in a very good light. And that would maybe even bring them even more money, because the people who make them rich (their customers) would think good thoughts about wealthy people who give money to charity.Wilby therefore thinks that rich people, who have enough money to make the pledge, should spend their money on paying taxes, stop lobbying against taxation, spend there money on better conditions for their employees and should lay their focus and money on stopping production of products in a way that damages the environment. 2) At first while reading text one â€Å"Band of billionaires pledge to give to charity† written by Jon Swartz, the impression is that the text is very objective. The headline seems objective and informal, and the tone and language the text is written in is very formal.But then, while reading further on, w hen you think about the intention of the text and the circumstance, some hidden opinions appears. The circumstance is that Gates, Buffet and other billionaires have agreed to give at least 50% of their fortune to charity, and they call on other billionaires to do the same. If the focus thereafter is the intention of the text it is clear that Jon Swartz wants to set the billionaires in a good light. That can be seen by the way he highlights who has given money, how much they gave, why they did it and when they did it.Besides that there is not any counterarguments why you should give money to charity, it is only pictured like a very decent and good thing to do. To increase that intention, Jon Swartz has only quoted people who support and advocates the pledge. 3) Taking my starting points in text two â€Å"My Philanthropic Pledge†, I will state my own opinions to â€Å"the giving pledge†. I can only agree with Warren Buffet that charity is a great thing to do. If I were r ich, I would do the same thing. If I could live, and live fantastically, for 1% of my fortune, while ther people around the world were suffering and starving, I would give the remaining 99% of my wealth to charity. Give the money to people who need it much more than I would. I think that is the only right thing to do. I can see the point in the argue Peter Wilby uses, that to make remaining changes, it has to come â€Å"from the inside† of the state. But I don’t think we are to sit and watch people die and suffer until that for happens. The money the wealthy people are willing to spend on charity can help a lot of people.Therefore it is a step on the road to a better world, and I think it is very generous and large of them to give away their fortune. One major point where I don’t agree with Wilby is when he mixes taxes into the whole thing. Of cause the rich people must pay taxes, and I do to think they should ensure that their production is not polluting. But I do not think there should be paid taxes of charity money, because the people who really need clean water, vaccines, educations etc. should get as much as possible for the money.

Looking At The Term Omnidirectional Imaging Film Studies Essay

First, allow ‘s specify the term – â€Å" omnidirectional † . The term â€Å" omnidirectional † is derives from a prefix â€Å" omni † which forms the significance â€Å" all † or â€Å" every † while â€Å" directional † is bespeaking a way in infinite. Hence, this term â€Å" omnidirectional † implies an equal sensitiveness in all directional. Normally, this term is widely used in the telecommunications field such as omnidirectional mike which is a device that can pick up sound from all around it. Other than this, an omnidirectional aerial can direct or have signals every bit good in all waies and a VHF omnidirectional scope ( VOR ) is used as a wireless pilotage system for aircraft. Due to the advancing of the engineering, the use has been expanded to other field of designs. For illustration, an omnidirectional treadmill is used as a treadmill that allows a individual to walk in any way without traveling. Besides this, there is a specially design wheel that allows motion in any way and normally use into automatons which is called Mecanum Wheel. In picture taking, an omnidirectional camera is a camera that can see all 360 grades around it. All of these executions have referred to the impression of bing in every way. Omnidirectional imagination shows a 360 grades ocular position which has a similar construct with an omnidirectional camera. This sort of imagination is of import in several countries such as security force. The security force applies this construct as a ocular surveillance which can cut down the offense rates and increase the safety of the populace as shown in Figure 1. This is due to the omnidirectional vision shows a broad angle of position which has the ability to see around 360 grades. Figure 1: The camera with hemispherical FOV for big country surveillance application The omnidirectional image is round form and must be unwrapped to obtain a bird's-eye image as depicted in Figure 2. ( a ) ( B ) Figure 2: Image taken by an omnidirectional camera with a inflated mirror. Figure ( a ) indicates the omnidirectional image. Figure ( B ) indicates the corresponding bird's-eye image. Although omnidirectional images allow increasing the field of position ( FOV ) , some jobs arise. Anamorphosis in omnidirectional images introduces complexness in image processing and reading such as optical flow calculation. Optical flow is computed from images spatio-temporal derived functions in order to gauge the evident gesture in a digital image sequence. Using appropriate gesture theoretical accounts, the pels evident gesture can be related to the camera gesture. Refering omnidirectional images, a simple camera interlingual rendition implies a complex evident gesture. Indeed, a camera interlingual rendition does non bring forth an evident interlingual rendition of all the pels in the image. Figure 3 has depicted both status explained above. Figure: Pixels gesture for a classical camera interlingual rendition ( a ) and for an omnidirectional camera ( B ) Ordinary cameras used in machine vision either have a narrow field of position ( FOV ) or have a broad FOV but suffer from complex deformation. It can be hard to undo a broad FOV image to obtain perspective projection positions accurately. Based strictly on the ideal perspective projection imaging theoretical account, it has been shown that surfaces of revolution of conelike subdivision curves are the lone mirror forms that can be paired with a individual convergence projection camera to make single-viewpoint ( SVP ) , catadioptric omnidirectional position systems whose omniview image can be unwrapped to perspective projection positions without systematic deformations. By utilizing multiple normal cameras positioned decently in relation to a plane mirror pyramid, a high declaration, SVP, broad FOV system can be built. The trade-offs, though, are the high monetary value and complexnesss involved with multiple cameras. Bulky size, weight, standardization, synchronism, and addition differences are jobs associated with multi-camera systems that single-camera systems are free of. An SVP system is worthwhile if the benefits outweigh the drawbacks for a peculiar application. The advantages of the single-camera, SVP, catodioptric household of omnidirectional imaging systems come with a monetary value. The most important tradeoff is a much lower image spacial declaration compared with normal cameras, multi-camera omniview systems, or revolving normal camera scanning system because single-camera, SVP, catadioptric systems have an enlarged FOV without a corresponding addition in the figure of physical feeling units ( e.g. , pels ) .Omnidirectional Image Scree ning SystemAn omnidirectional imagination system consisting a brooding mirror for sing object within a hemisphere field of position form a individual practical position point at the local centre of said brooding mirror, a projector for projecting a light beam toward said brooding mirror, and a variable wavelength filter optically positioned between said projector and said brooding mirror for bring forthing a form holding a spatially distributed wavelength spectrum of said brooding mirror, where a generator responsive to the hemispherical image informations for bring forthing 3-dimensional image.Field of InventionThe innovation presents a set of methods and setup for omnidirectional stereo imagination. By â€Å" omnidirectional imagination system † , we mean a system that is able to get images with a field-of-view ( FOV ) covering full hemisphere ( 180 solid infinite angle ) , at the same time without any mechanical moving portion. The FOV of a conventional camera or a light p rojector can be dramatically increased by using a brooding mirror decently placed in forepart of the camera or the projector. A brace of omnidirectional cameras is able to organize a alone stereo imagination of environing scene with 360 degree position angle. A combination of an omnidirectional camera and an omnidirectional structured visible radiation projector can besides supply a agencies to obtain quantitative three dimensional measurings of the objects around the camera system. The omnidirectional three dimentional imaging methods and setup presented herein may offer alone solutions to many practical systems that need coincident 360 grade sing angle and three dimensional measuring capableness. A figure of attacks had been proposed in the yesteryear for imaging systems to accomplish broad FOV. None of them nevertheless is able to bring forth 3D omnidirectional images. In the undermentioned paragraphs, we give a briefly study on the stake-of-the-art of current imaging systems that seek to accomplish broad FOV. Before the innovation of omnidirectional camera, a camera with revolving parts is used to capture image in all way. Although it produce high declaration of image, but it takes some clip in capturing it. Hence, some attack has been proposed in the yesteryear for imaging system to accomplish a broad field-of-view ( FOV ) . However, none of them is able to bring forth 3D omnidirectional images. Presently, there are some imaging systems are produced to seek for a broad FOV: Conventional Cameras Most bing imaging systems employ electronic detector french friess or photographic movie to enter optical image collected by its optical lens system. The image projection for most camera lenses is modeled as a â€Å" pin-hole † with a individual centre of projection. Since sizes of camera lens and the imagination detector have their practical restrictions, the light beams that can be collected by a camera lens and received by the imagination device typically organize a maize with really little gap angle. Therefore, angular FOV for conventional camera is within a scope of 5 to 50 grades. For illustration, an 8.5 millimeter F/1.3 camera lens for 1/2 † CCD ( Charge Coupled Device ) bit merely has an angular FOV of 41.2 grade. Fish-Eye Lenss Optical applied scientists had designed several versions of wide-viewing-angle lens system, called the fish-eye lens. The fish-eye lens features a really short focal length which, when used in topographic point of conventional camera lens, enables the camera to see object for much wider angle ( about 180 grade of hemisphere ) . In general, the wider FOV, the more complicated design the fish-eye lens has. To obtain a hemispherical FOV, the fish-eye lens must be rather big in dimension, complex in optical design, and therefore expensive. Besides, it is really hard to plan a fish-eye lens that ensures individual position point restraint, i.e. , all incoming chief visible radiation beams intersect at a individual point to organize a fixed point of view. This is so a job with commercial fish-eye lenses, including Nikon ‘s Fisheye-Nikkor 8-mm f/2.8 lens. Although the acquired image by fish-eye lenses may turn out to be good plenty for some visual image applications, the deformation c ompensation issue has non been resolved, and the high unit-cost remain to be major hurdlings for its wide-spread applications. The fish-eye lens technique has the advantage of following a statically positioned camera to get a broad angle of position. However the nonlinear belongings resulted from the semi-spherical optical lens mapping make the declaration along the round boundary of the image really hapless, while the FOV corresponding to the round boundary of the image normally represents a land or floor where a high declaration of image is required. Multi-Camera System or Revolving Imaging Systems Large FOV of objects may be obtained by utilizing multiple cameras in the same system, each point towards a different way. However, issues on seamless integrating of multiple images is farther complicated by the fact that image produced by each camera has different centres of projection. The cost for such a system is normally high. The image processing required by multiple cameras or revolving camera method to obtain precise information on place and AZ of an object takes a long clip, which is non suited for real-time conflict field mold and reconnaissance applications. Another straightforward solution to increasing the FOV of an imagination system is to revolve the full imagination system about its centre of projection An image sequence acquired by the camera at different places are â€Å" sewed † together to obtain a bird's-eye position of the scene. Such an attack has been late proposed by several research workers. A really interesting attack developed by employs a camera with a non-frontal image sensor to scan the universe. The first disadvantage of any revolving image system is that it requires the usage of traveling parts, and preciseness placement devices. A more serious drawback is that such systems lack the capableness of at the same time an geting image with broad FOV. Although such system can get precise azimuth information in omnidirectional position, the imagination procedure is time-consuming and the method is non applicable to real-time jobs such as avoiding hit against traveling obstructions or supervising scene with nomadic objects. This restricts the usage of revolving systems to inactive and non-real-time applications. In contrast, the innovation presented herein, called the omnidirectional camera, is capable of capturing real-time omnidirectional images without utilizing any traveling parts. By â€Å" omnidirectional images † , we mean images with a FOV covering full hemisphere ( 180 solid infinite angle ) , at the same time. As one can see, a bird's-eye camera is still non omnidirectional, since it can merely supply a wide-angle of FOV at certain clip case, non in all waies. Figure: Comparison between our Omnidirectional Camera, bird's-eye camera and conventional camerasBrooding MaterialWhen visible radiation radiation passes from one medium into another holding a different index of refraction, some of the visible radiation is scattered at the interface between the two media even if both are transparent. The coefficient of reflection represents the fraction of the incident visible radiation that is reflected at the interface. In general it must be treated as a directional belongings that is a map of the reflected way, the incident way and the incident wavelength. Mirrors surely have a distinguishable brooding quality most other stuffs do non. This is due to the alone colour, composing and smoothness the mirror has. Polished, glistening metals make good mirrors because metal behaviors electricity good. Since the electronic field inside the metal is zero, negatrons at that place will ever call off out a field that is non zero ( even if the field originates outside the metal ) . Since light travels in electromagnetic moving ridges, when it hits a mirror ( most frequently made with sprayed Ag and glass ) , the lone manner to call off out the field and put it to zero is to reflect those moving ridges back out, hence a contemplation. This procedure is similar to singing a long rope attached on one terminal. If you give a hanging rope with one loose terminal one, large shingle, the rope will beckon to the top, and so back down. This is what happens when light hits a mirror. Some molecules hold light and convert some of it to heat. These stuffs are normally black. White stuffs have molecules that about instantly let go of visible radiation after absorbing it. There is an full scope of soaking up in different colourss. Metal works good for mirrors because it reflects seeable visible radiation on all parts of the surface at the same clip. While unsmooth surfaces do reflect visible radiation ( depending on colour and composing ) , they typically reflect visible radiation in all waies. You can see this in concrete, for illustration. It seems to scintillate because it reflects light, but non in one way or ordered manner. Mirrors, nevertheless, do reflect in one way. Because metal ( including metal pigment ) is smooth, it ‘s the best stuff for mirrors.Visible Spectrum WavelengthElectromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic radiation is considered to be wave-like, dwelling of electric and magnetic field constituents that are perpendicular to each other and besides to the way of extension. Electromagnetic radiation consists of visible radiation, heat or beaming energy, radio detection and ranging, moving ridges, and X raies. Each of it has a specific scope of wavelengths. Figure: An electromagnetic moving ridge demoing electric field, magnetic field constituents and the wavelength. Figure: The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. Visible visible radiation prevarications within a really narrow part of the spectrum with wavelengths runing between about 0.4 micron and 0.7 micron. The sensed colour is determined by the wavelength ; for illustration, radiation holding wavelength of about 0.4 micron appears to be violet, whereas green and ruddy colour occur at about 0.5 and 0.65 micron severally.CoatingMetallic elements are opaque and extremely brooding. The sensed colour is determined by the wavelength distribution of the radiation that is reflected and non absorbed. A bright silvery visual aspect when exposed to white light indicates that the metal is extremely brooding over the full scope of the seeable spectrum. Aluminum and Ag are two metals that exhibit this brooding behaviour. Copper and gilded appear red-orange and yellow severally because of the energy associated with white light photons holding short wavelength is non reemitted as seeable visible radiation. The huge bulk of optical constituents are made of assorted types of glass, and the bulk of those objects are coated with thin beds of particular stuffs. The intent of these coatings is to modify the contemplation and transmittal belongingss of the constituents ‘ surfaces. High-reflection coatings can be applied to the exterior of an object. For illustration, a level piece of glass is used to bring forth a first-surface mirror. Alternately, they can be applied to an internal surface to bring forth a second-surface mirror, which is used to build certain prisms. High-reflection coatings can be classified as either insulator or metallic coatings. Metallic coatings are used chiefly for mirrors. They do non trust on the rules of optical intervention but instead on the physical and optical belongingss of the surfacing stuff. However, metallic coatings are frequently over-coated with thin dielectric movies to increase the coefficient of reflection over a coveted scope of wavelengths or scope of incidence angles. Over-coating metallic coatings with a difficult, individual, dielectric bed of half-wave optical thickness improves scratch and tarnish opposition but merely marginally affects optical belongingss. Depending on the insulator used, such over-coated metals are referred to as lasting, protected or hard-coated metallic reflectors. The chief advantages of metallic coatings are broadband spectral public presentation, insensitiveness to angle of incidence and polarisation, and low cost. Their primary disadvantages include lower lastingness, lower coefficient of reflection and lower harm threshold. Today ‘s multilayer dielectric coatings are unusually difficult and lasting. With proper attention and handling, they can hold long life lastingness. Quarter-wave thicknesses of alternately high- and low-refractive index stuffs are applied to the substrate to organize a dielectric multilayer stack, as shown in figure. By taking stuffs of appropriate refractile indexes, the assorted reflected wave-fronts can be made to interfere constructively to bring forth a extremely efficient reflector. The extremum coefficient of reflection value is dependent upon the ration of the refractile indices of the two stuffs, every bit good as the figure of layer braces. Increasing either increases the coefficient of reflection. Over limited wavelength intervals, the coefficient of reflection of a dielectric surfacing easy can be made to transcend the highest coefficient of reflection of a metallic coating. Furthermore, the coatings are effectual for both s- and p-polarization constituents, and can be designed for a broad angle of incident scope. However, at angles that are significantly distant from the design angle, coefficient of reflection is markedly reduced. CVI Melles Griot is a taking provider of preciseness optical constituents and multielement optical system. CVI Melles Griot shows that: Our protected gold, Ag, and aluminum coatings exhibit exceeding broadband coefficient of reflection and are practical for many applications. Typical utilizations for these mirrors include single-use applications where the experiment itself amendss the mirror. A assortment of diameters and square sizes are offered, including an 8 † ten 8 † protected aluminium version.CoatingProtected GoldProtected SilverProtected AluminumSubstrate Float Glass Thickness 3.2 A ± 0.25 millimeter Coefficient of reflection Ravg & gt ; 96 % from 800 nm – 20 A µm Ravg & gt ; 97.5 % from 450 – 2 A µm Ravg & gt ; 96 % from 2 – 20 A µm Ravg & gt ; 90 % from 450 nm – 2 A µm Ravg & gt ; 95 % from 2 – 20 A µm Damage Threshold 2 J/cm2 1064 nanometer, 10 N, 10 Hertz 3 J/cm2 1064 nanometer, 10 N, 10 Hertz 0.3 J/cm2 1064 nanometer, 10 N, 10 Hertz Front Surface Flatness & lt ; 5I »/inch @ 633 nanometer Diameter Tolerance +0.0/-0.25 millimeter Clear Aperture & gt ; 90 % of Surface Surface Quality 60-40 Scratch-DigALoading†¦ Materials those are capable of conveying visible radiation with comparatively small soaking up and contemplation is transparent-one can see through them. Translucent stuffs are those through which visible radiation is transmitted diffusely ; that is, visible radiation is scattered within the inside, to the grade that objects are non clearly distinguishable when viewed through a specimen of the stuff. Materials that are imperviable to the transmittal of seeable visible radiation are termed opaque. When light returns from one medium into another, several things happen. Some of the light radiation may be transmitted through the medium, some will be absorbed and some will be reflected at the interface between the two media. Most of the captive radiation is reemitted from the surface in the signifier of seeable visible radiation of the same wavelength which appears as reflected visible radiation. The coefficient of reflection for most metals is between 0.9 – 0.95 and some little fraction of energy from electron decay procedure is dissipated as heat. Metallic elements are opaque and extremely brooding. The sensed colour is determined by the wavelength distribution of the radiation that is reflected and non absorbed. A bright silvery visual aspect when exposed to white light indicates that the metal is extremely brooding over the full scope of the seeable spectrum. Aluminum and Ag are two metals that exhibit this brooding behaviour. Copper and gilded appear red-orange and yellow severally because of the energy associated with white light photons holding short wavelength is non reemitted as seeable visible radiation. When visible radiation radiation passes from one medium into another holding a different index of refraction, some of the visible radiation is scattered at the interface between the two media even if both are transparent. The coefficient of reflection represents the fraction of the incident visible radiation that is reflected at the interface. If the visible radiation is normal or perpendicular to the interface, so Where and are the indices of refraction of the two media. If the incident visible radiation is non normal to the interface, R will depend on the angle of incidence. Since the index of refraction of air is really close to 1. Thus the higher the index of refraction of the solid, the greater is the coefficient of reflection. For typical silicate spectacless, the coefficient of reflection is about 0.05. Merely as the index of refraction of a solid depends on the wavelength of the incident visible radiation. This means that the coefficient of reflection vary with wavelength. Contemplation losingss for lenses and other optical instruments are minimized significantly by surfacing the reflecting surface with really thin beds of dielectric stuffs such as Mg fluoride. Mirror Manufacturing In modern times the mirror substrate is shaped, polished and cleaned, and is so coated. Glass mirrors are most frequently coated with non-toxic Ag or aluminum, implemented by a series of coatings: Tin ( II ) Chloride Silver Chemical activator Copper Paint The Tin ( II ) Chloride is applied because Ag will non bond with the glass. The activator causes the tin/silver to indurate. Copper is added for long-run lastingness. The pigment protects the coating on the dorsum of the mirror from abrasions and other inadvertent harm. In some applications, by and large those that are cost-sensitive or that require great lastingness, mirrors are made from a individual, bulk stuff such as polished metal. Technical mirrors may utilize Ag, aluminum or gold coating and achieve coefficient of reflection of 90 % – 95 % when new. A protective transparent greatcoat may be applied to forestall oxidization of the brooding bed. Applications necessitating higher coefficient of reflection or greater lastingness where broad bandwidth is non indispensable usage dielectric coatings, can accomplish coefficient of reflection every bit high as 99.99 % over a narrow scope of wavelength. Mirror Manufacturing Base Glass, which is a major mirror constituent, is really non a really good stuff for contemplation. In fact, it is merely able to reflect four per centum of the visible radiation it comes in contact with. What it has is a uniformity belongings that allows it to hold really few bumps, peculiarly when it is polished. The smoothness of glass makes it a good campaigner for a base of a brooding metal. Coating The base stuff, in order to go brooding, needs to be coated with a substance that reacts good to visible radiation. The most normally used stuffs are metal coatings such as Ag, gold or chrome. Mercury was used by mirror makers until it was finally abandoned in the fortiess due to jobs with toxicity. Modern mirrors now make usage of aluminium as the metallic coating. Mirrors that are used under high temperatures are frequently coated with Si oxides and Si nitrates which tend to be a protective coating applied to forestall scrape. Design Mirrors need to integrate surface regularity in their designs in order to go effectual. The glass sheets that are used demand to be level and lasting. For family usage, the thickness of the mirror is taken into consideration, with its strength increasing proportionally to its thickness. For heavy-duty mirrors, such as those used in scientific research, the surface has to be specially designed to retain uniformity while adding a curvature. This gives the mirror the ability to concentrate every bit good as reflect visible radiation. The design of the mirror besides specifies the sort of surfacing to be used. The features that are of import in the pick of the surfacing include lastingness and coefficient of reflection. Procedure To do a mirror, the first measure is to cut and determine the glass harmonizing to the formulated design. Diamond-tipped proverbs are normally used to make a all right coating. After this, the panels, called spaces, are placed in an optical grinding machine. This machine uses an scratchy liquid and a grinding home base to make a smooth texture on the glass. Finally, the brooding stuff is placed on the glass utilizing an evaporator, which has the ability to heat the metal used for surfacing until it evaporates onto the spaces ‘ surface. Integrity The quality control of mirrors is an of import portion of the fabrication procedure. The mirror ‘s surface is by and large inspected utilizing the bare oculus or a microscope in order to look into if there are any abrasions or variability. An infrared photographic procedure may besides be used to see if there is a deficiency of uniformity in the thickness of the metal. In some instances, the mirror may besides be placed under environmental proving wherein it is subjected to heat or cold to see how good it can defy assorted temperatures. Possibly you ‘ve been in a state of affairs where you have n't had a mirror on manus and have resorted to utilizing the most brooding surface around you. Depending on the colour, form and texture of the surface, it may hold sufficed, but mirrors surely have a distinguishable brooding quality most other stuffs do non. This stems from the alone colour, composing and smoothness a mirror has. Get downing With Metal Polished, glistening metals make good mirrors because metal behaviors electricity good. Since the electronic field inside the metal must be zero, negatrons at that place will ever call off out a field that is non zero ( even if the field originates outside the metal ) . Since light travels in electromagnetic moving ridges, when it hits a mirror ( most frequently made with sprayed Ag and glass ) , the lone manner to call off out the field and put it to zero is to reflect those moving ridges back out, hence a contemplation. This procedure is similar to singing a long rope attached on one terminal. If you give a hanging rope with one loose terminal one, large shingle, the rope will beckon to the top, so back down. This is what happens when light hits a mirror. How Color Affects Reflection Some molecules hold light and convert some of it to heat. These stuffs are normally black. White stuffs have molecules that about instantly let go of visible radiation after absorbing it. There is an full scope of soaking up in different colourss. Metal works good for mirrors because it reflects seeable visible radiation on all parts of the surface at the same clip. Silver works good in peculiar because it ‘s the closest to white and reflects a assortment of colourss better ( Cu and gold would non reflect blue good, for illustration ) . How Smoothness Affects Contemplation While unsmooth surfaces do reflect visible radiation ( depending on colour and composing ) , they typically reflect visible radiation in all waies. You can see this in concrete, for illustration. It seems to scintillate because it reflects light, but non in one way or ordered manner. Mirrors, nevertheless, do reflect in one way. Because metal ( including metal pigment ) is smooth, it ‘s the best stuff for mirrors. Mirrors that are warped or non wholly smooth give distorted images. Obtaining Omnidirectional View Using Reflective Mirror. To dramatically increase the FOV of an imagination system, there is an unusual attack: utilizing a brooding surface. The FOV of a picture camera can be greatly increased by utilizing brooding surface with properly designed surface forms. The rear-view mirror in a auto is a day-to-day illustration of utilizing brooding mirror to increase the FOV of a driver. There are a figure of surface profiles that can be used to bring forth omnidirectional FOV. Figure list three illustrations: conelike mirror, spherical mirror, and parabolic mirror. The optical geometry of these bulging mirrors provides a simple and effectual agencies to change over picture camera ‘s two-dimensional position into an omnidirectional position around the perpendicular axis of these mirrors, without utilizing any traveling portion. At the first glimpse, it appears that the omnidirectional imagination undertaking can be accomplished by utilizing any bulging mirror. Unfortunately, this is non the instance. In reexamining some BASIC of image formation, we know that an image is two dimensional form of brightness ( or colourss ) . A satisfactory imagination system must continue two indispensable features: Geometric correspondence: there must be a one-to-one correspondence between pels in an image and point in the scene. Single point of view restraint: each pels in the image corresponds to a peculiar sing way defined by a beam from that pel on image plane through a â€Å" pinhole † ( individual sing point ) . Notice that although the convex mirrors listed in Figure can greatly increase the FOV, and may turn out adequate for certain omnidirectional scene monitoring applications, they are non satisfactory imaging devices. These reflecting surfaces do non continue the individual point of view restraint ( SVC ) . For a high quality omnidirectional imagination system, all the light beams coming in the omni imager caput should hold a individual ( practical ) sing point. Design of the omni-mirror that meets the SVC In this subdivision, we will discourse a desirable convex mirror surface profile that satisfies the individual point of view restraint: all the ( extensions of ) visible radiation beams reflected by the mirror must go through through a individual ( practical ) point of view. We call such a brooding mirror the omni-mirror. Let us first define necessary symbols and nomenclature. As shown in the Figure, we use an off-shelf picture camera with a regular lens whose FOV covers full surface of the omni-mirror. Since the optical design of camera and lens is rotationally symmetric, all we need to find is the cross-section map zA ® that defines the mirror surface cross-section profile. The mirror is so the solid of revolution obtained by brushing the cross-section about the optical axis. The map of the omni-mirror is to reflect all viewing beams coming from picture camera ‘s screening centre ( focal point, labeled as C ) to the surface of physical objects in the FOV. The cardinal characteristic of this contemplation is that all such reflected beams must hold a projection towards a individual practical screening point at mirror ‘s focal centre, labled as O. In other words, the mirror should efficaciously maneuver sing beams such that the camera equivalently sees the objects in the universe from a i ndividual point of view O. We choose hyperboloid as the desirable form of the omni-mirrors. A well-known characteristic of a inflated curve is that: the extension of any beam reflected by the inflated curve originated from one of its focal points passes through its another focal point. If we choose the hyperbolic profile for the omni-mirror, and topographic point a picture camera at its focal point C, as shown in Figure, the imagination system will hold a individual point of view at its another focal point O, as if the picture camera were placed at the practical screening location O. The alone characteristic of the omni-mirror is that the extension of the entrance light beam sensed by the CCD camera is ever go throughing through a individual practical point of view O regardless of the location of the projection point M on the mirror surface.

Violence at Work: Westside Health Sytems

Violence At Work: Westside Health Systems Located in Chicago, Illinois is a private nonprofit health care system called â€Å"Westside Health Systems†. The company consisted of a hospital, a nursing home and 5 minor emergency clinics. Maryanne Walker is the Director of Pharmacy Services, and oversees the main pharmacy located in the hospital, a pharmacy in the nursing home and four satellite pharmacies. She directly reports to her supervisor Nancy Smith. Maryanne is one of 5 total supervisors in Pharmacy Services.Rhonda Carter the inventory supervisor , is the direct supervisor of both employees involved in the allegation : Susan Miller and Brenda Lawson, both pharmacy technicians in the receiving area. The episode claimed that Susan had allegedly assaulted Brenda in the hospital pharmacy, with no witnesses. She had â€Å"grabbed her by the shoulders, shoved her against a partition, and perhaps drew her fist back as if to hit her. † When both Susan and Brenda were inter viewed in relation to the incident their stories differed in levels of just how severe the fight and physical aggravations were. (More thoroughly explained in the case study. If you were Maryanne what actions would you take and why? As Maryanne, I would conduct another round of interviews for both parties involved (Susan and Brenda) as well as a with Rhonda to highlight the main causes of such a situation and give us further explanations. The interviews would be recorded, with the consent of the interviewee. Then, I would end with a fourth interview with Susan, Brenda and Rhonda and ask them to clarify any misunderstandings, as well as give them a talk on how their actions were completely unacceptable and would not be tolerated in the future. A written write up would be in need for Brenda.Rhonda would be put into a â€Å"Special Review† period, due to her failure to report back to her supervisors or even deal with arising problems with her employees. In this case, the trouble some employee was Susan, who seemed to get away with leaving early, coming into work on off days, breaking the computerized inventory system with no reprimand, as well as an overall unfriendliness towards other employees. A discussion with Rhonda is necessary to find out exactly the reason why she felt that many of Susan’s past issues were never reported to upper management when her mental health were clearly a risk at he workplace. In fact, Rhonda may be up for termination for a lack of proper supervision and disciplinary action on Susan. In fact, Susan had two events in which she injured herself, which in turn could have been a liability to Westside Health Systems. All of these incidents which come to light much later than they should have are enough to terminate Rhonda for her unsatisfactory job performance. Keeping in mind that this is a private organization and the company is at right for termination without notice.As for Susan, given that she has clinical depression and is prescribed Prozac, her time around those substances at work may become a hazard for her stability and overall work performance. Therefore, we suggest a â€Å"Wellness Program† including psychotherapy and counseling as well as education on overall wellness (eating habits, exercising, healthy living). I would then provide the company’s employees a special training on workplace violence. The goal of this course would be to give employees awareness of violence in the workplace, how to recognize the warning signs, and what actions to take to prevent or minimize violence in the future.It is also important to define workplace violence in accordance with the pharmaceutical company’s policies: List the types of workplace violence. Identify warning sign levels related to potential workplace violence. List the action steps taken in response to workplace violence. Identify ways to prevent workplace violence. Ways to encourage employees to report incidents in which they feel threatened for any reason by anyone inside or outside the organization. Skills in behaving compassionately and supportive towards employees who report incidents.Skills in taking disciplinary actions. Basic skills in handling crisis situations. Basic emergency procedures, including who to call and what support resources and services are available. Appropriate screening of pre-employment references. Basic skills in conflict resolution. 2. In light of this incident, should West-side change any of its â€Å"standards of behavior policies† or † Corrective action policies†? Explain. The only changes that I would suggest to West-Side regarding their standards of behavior policies would include:In any verbal counseling, both the employees direct supervisors should be present along with a member of upper management. This would ensure that no favoritism is being placed in one employee over another. Further, I would ensure that employees sign a statement acknowledging t he fact that verbal counseling was undertaken. In written counseling, I again would require that each employee sign a statement that they received said written counseling. I am not sure how well written counseling would be as it does not require personal interaction between the employer and employee.Include a statement that indicates all parties involved will be required to meet management to discuss the matter. Failure to do so may require said employee to be reprimanded for simply refusing said meeting. The system of correction that West-side has is not a progressive one. I would suggest that it is progressive. If an employee is continuously getting into altercations or causing problems, big or little, each should be taken into account. Question 3: How can westside prevent future incidents of workplace violence?WestSide can prevent future incidents of workplace violence by sending out a clear statement to each employee on violence at work ( as previously mentioned in question 1) y et also enforce that violence at work is completely unacceptable and will not be tolerated. In order to maintain a violence-free environment the first step against it in the workplace would be to install video surveillance using an I. P. System. An I. P. Video Surveillance system has several benefits which could be used in the advantage of companies (like a pharmaceutical one).It prevents theft, allows for all personnel to be monitored in work areas, and allows the company to clearly record the face of every customer entering the premises. Video recording would be used as proof if the situation required one. It is clear that management at Westside does not have the knowledge to handle workplace violence issues. It would be important for Westside to ensure that management has the tools necessary to handle such situations. Management is essential in any workplace. They provide the standards for employees and are the individuals responsible for ensuring that the workplace is a safe one .If management is not prepared, it is possible that a workplace altercation can be taken out of context and can cause the workplace to be even more unsafe. To avoid this situation the company could implement a new way to work, using PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT to better increase communication between employees. Moreover workshops could also be use as a way to improve relations and communication. An other important fact to review would be the hiring process. Next time they hire an employee, even a relative of another employee, they will need to perform a thorough background checks.Incidents like Susan may have been avoided by doing so. A Psychologist could also be helpful during the hiring process or even after if needed, who may conduct psychological tests as a screening process. Westside has a stressful environment due to its link with the health care system and its distribution of drugs. Therefore mistakes should be diminished to a strict minimum. A Psychologist would be able to determ ine if the workplace is not harmful for the candidate and if working with addictive and mind-altering substances (even though prescribed) such as prozac will or will not be a concern.Last but not least the jobs and tasks that are assigned to them should be clearly defined to avoid mistakes. As written in the case study Susan is performing her supervisor's job ( filling a patient’s prescription) which should normally by law be conducted by the licensed pharmacist. Clear rules should be re defined to prevent any situation that could lead to an argument and troublesome outcomes for employees and the company. With all of these proposed solutions, a positive outcome is possible. Both to resolve the issue of violence and to improve the overall image and structure of Westside Health Systems.

Business tratments between Isreal and some Arabic countries Research Paper

Business tratments between Isreal and some Arabic countries - Research Paper Example For instance, in the cases of oil exchange between two or more nations, the international trade agreements are mostly set by governments. This sort of trade agreements are considered to be of prime benefits for incumbent nations. These international business treaties also contribute to the international openness factor along with playing a significant role of economic growth variables. For instance, oil trade agreements between Israel and Kuwait or Saudi Arabia or Qatar among other nations can ensure greater benefits in the long run. At the same time, apart from merely oil treaties, multiple import and export businesses also occur between these nations which include exchange of food products, beverages, electronics and heavy machinery among others. The prime focus of this discussion will be regarding the evaluation of various legal aspects related with international trade between two nations. Moreover, this discussion will be taking into consideration three crucial factors namely the international oil agreements, import and export of goods and shared investments and the specific legal aspects associated with these. For this part of the discussion, the instance of Egypt as one of the Arab nations has been highlighted. Multiple reports describe that Egypt has been counted as one of the business partners successfully carrying out business with Israel. The trade relationship between these two nations started with the signing of the peace treaty. This peace treaty can be considered as the first legal agreement meant for bringing these two nations into peaceful business conduct (American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, 2014). Apart from Egypt, other Arab nations such as Algeria, Iraq, Somalia, and Syria cannot be accounted in terms of carrying out any sort of trade relationship with Israel since there seems to be multiple instabilities regarding the relationship between Israel and the Arab nations. The evidence of such

AppLIED 3000 word Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

AppLIED 3000 word - Essay Example The report also includes a proposed budget for the year 2010-11 which will help to give an idea about the decisions taken by the management to improve the situation. Hard cash or liquid cash is required by any business organization to survive or to run successfully. Normally, most of the companies keep a lump sum amount of cash at their disposal for the daily expenses of the business. It ensures the smooth running of daily business operations. But, the financials of Cyclermate Ltd gives a shocking picture. There is only 675 pounds of hard cash left in the bank. With such a meager amount as its savings the company cannot even run a single day’s operation. The company is on the verge of close down. Mismanaged budget, uncontrolled cost and lack of proper supervision have lead to such a dismal situation. It is clear from the income statements of the last five years that selling price and total sales of the articles have gone down while total costs have shown a steady rise. The financial ratios also bring out the same poor condition of the company. The company’s Acid Ratio which is the relationship between the current assets (stocks not included) and current liabilities is 0.76:1. The Acid Ratio of 0.76:1 shows that the company will not be able to any financial problems nor needs that may rise in the near future (Netmba, 2010). The relationship between revenues and total assets is known as Asset Turnover Ratio. This company has an Asset Turnover Ratio of 2.06:1. The main reason for this ratio to be so high is the poor profit margin. There is also a possibility that the company is following a faulty a pricing strategy for its products. From the income statement of the past five years the return on capital employed is calculated as low as 0.11. The company is getting only a return of 11% on the capital it is employing which is not at all satisfactory. The debtors to the company generally

Managing human resources in business context Case Study

Managing human resources in business context - Case Study Example Although intense rivalry between the top brands is important to be taken care of, the emphasis for tobacco manufacturers should now be on dealing with the people. Anti-Smoking campaigns, new laws and the gaining public awareness about the harms of smoking is decreasing the annual consumption of cigarettes. This is definitely a de-motivating feature for the company and its employees. However the thing tobacco industry has kept going in its favour is the addictive nature of cigarettes. This fact however presents the company with serious corporate social responsibility issues and therefore British American Tobacco should keep these issues in mind when developing a new human resource management strategy as proposed in this paper. British American Tobacco is the most globalization brand in the world. The brand has millions of diverse customers across the globe, with access to over 180 markets globally, and makes the best quality tobacco products. The brand commits its customers to always be indulged in principles of corporate social responsibility, a practice kept running through out the group. (http://www.British American Tobacco.com/) With the exception of the Chinese state tobacco monopoly, UK holds the 3 of the top 5 tobacco companies within its boundaries. Philip Morris leads the market with 18% share, BRITISH AMERICAN TOBACCO follows with 11%, while Imperial Tobacco and Gallaher hold fourth and fifth position in the global tobacco pie. The missing third spot belongs to Japan Tobacco. Cigarette and Tobacco Pie Share in UK Market share In UK, the cigarette and tobacco market is predominantly captivated by Gallaher and Imperial Tobacco; the two firms enjoy an 80% hold in the market. BRITISH AMERICAN TOBACCO has its manufacturing facilities in UK but exports most of its production. (Cullum and Pissarides, 2004) (Action on Smoking and Health, Fact sheet no.18) Rank Brand Name % share of UK cigarette market Manufacturer 1 Lambert & Butler KS 13.5 Imperial Tobacco 2 Benson & Hedges Gold 7.3 Gallaher 3 Mayfair King Size 7.1 Gallaher 4 Richmond Superkings 6.6 Imperial Tobacco 5 Richmond King Size 4.9 Imperial Tobacco 6 Marlboro Gold King Size 4.4 Philip Morris 7 Regal KS 3.5 Imperial Tobacco 8 Royals King Size Red 3.4 BAT 9 Superkings 3.3 Imperial Tobacco 10 Silk Cut Purple 3.2 Gallaher Top 10 UK cigarette brands: 2004 Recent Developments at BRITISH AMERICAN TOBACCO Recently, BRITISH AMERICAN TOBACCO has strengthened its position in the Tobacco world market with different moves. As per the most recent developments, to expand their reach farther, BRITISH AMERICAN TOBACCO is in process of acquiring small firms internationally so as to have extended access to the markets, and to have stronger position at the same. The group is also quite close to the completion of purchasing House of Prince (HoP).

Unemployment in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Unemployment in the United States - Essay Example Since then, the American has tried all means to revive the economy and decrease the unemployment rates in the country. Consequently, there has been an impressive progress in the rates of unemployment marked by a trend of decline. Currently, the rate of unemployment is at 5.5%, a figure similar to the rate reported in February. Despite this lowest rate in over 7 years, unemployment is still a massive issue that affects a significant number of Americans. A number of factors contribute to this unending state of employment in America, namely, global factors, economic conditions, minimum wage, part-time jobs, and the dynamics of the oil industry. As the world opens up to trade and business opportunities, a number of issues arise the affect countries either negatively or positively. For instance, offshoring is one of the issues that have arisen due to globalization. Multinational companies among other businesses prefer to outsource services in low-cost labor nations in order to cut on costs. Companies are engaging in offshoring practices both for service jobs and for manufacturing jobs. The driving force behind this conduct is to operate in countries where they can save on labor costs, avoid regulatory laws, and productivity. Thus, offshoring has greatly affected job creation and availability of jobs in the United States leading to unemployment. According to a report by Forrester Research released in 2004, by 2015, 3.4 million service jobs will be moved abroad during 1.2 million jobs were expected to be offshored between 2003 and 2008 (Levine, 2011). Additionally, according to Bureau of Labor of Statistics estimates one-fifth of workers in the United States were working in industries subject to offshoring. An example of multinational company that has actively engaged in offshoring practice is Apple. As of 2012, Apple had 20,000 workers based in other countries and 43,000 workers in America. Additionally, the 700,000 engineer who develop Apple’s products by

Women Management Issues in Fisheries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Women Management Issues in Fisheries - Essay Example Related to these initiatives, a significant up-and-coming research focus is the ways that fishers' (and other usual resource users) information is created and how it expand in a society. Another up-and-coming area of attention involves questions that center on how protection and management practices expand in a society (see the other aid to this issue). This research highlights these issues in the context of the women management fisheries of the Canadian region of Newfoundland plus Labrador. Furthermore, these fisheries, by means of dynamic, global, profitable histories stretching back over 500 years, are considerably dissimilar from numerous of the fisheries that have been the focus of research about resource users' local or customary ecological information. While studying facts production and modify in these fisheries provides an chance to discover local knowledge creation and growth and their affiliation to conservation and management where fishing as a livelihood is strongly woven into the social, educational, and financial fabric of the community, yet where varied fisheries have become ever more market-driven, technically intense, methodically managed,' capital rigorous, and are operating in the context of thespian and rapid ecological transform (Grafton, R. Q. 2003). The principal goal of this research here, though, is to highlight the difficulty and vitality of the socio environmental network in which the fishers of Newfoundland plus Labrador today are embedded (and the implications thereof for their knowledge) by focusing on the rich detail that can appear from a focus on one personage. We chose Jack since he exhibited a sure pattern we wished to discover further. In general, fishery strategies for woman in Newfoundland were directed until lately towards industrialization, 'professionalization,' and an more and more technical approach to management (Sinclair, 1987; Wright, 2001). To a few degrees, Jack is one of those who most modified to this hegemonic philosophy, and is consequently an interesting case. Additionally, as noted, he and others like him have been in commission in a background of quick and considerate ecological modifying. The pattern of change over Jack's career, in our view, has implications not only for our understanding of the expansion of LEK, but also for the relationship flanked by LEK and science and woman management, and for the growth of management and management procedures. Women plays vital role in the wake of cod stock collapses; numerous have begun to question the legality of stock appraisal science and the quota management approaches it is planned to support. In part to retain their authority, the Canadian government has begun to signal a transfer towards (re)counting fishers and their information in management, though it is fundamentally unclear how this will play out in practice (Murray et al., forthcoming). We agree that good management for fish harvesters and their LEK can and ought to play a more important role in technical research and in

US Economic Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

US Economic Performance - Essay Example According to the report findings GDP growth is also boosted by business spending or investments. This could be ascribed favorable financial conditions and rising business confidence levels as well as growth in labor productivity. Economic growth is also fuelled by government spending. Similar to individual consumers, the government also has a high consumption propensity as opposed to saving tendency. Such economic condition may be favorable in the short run. It may also be disastrous in the long run since it may result to increased domestic and foreign borrowings. This paper declares that economic growth is usually accompanied by rising inflation brought about by the increasing aggregate demand. Despite current economic expansion, CPI is maintained at reasonable levels in the US. However, an increase in CPI may be expected within the remainder of year due to the steady increase in the price of energy. Increase in price level is forecasted because of the projected escalation in production cost resulting from the cost of employee benefits and raw material. Generally, the US has performed fairly well and met its economic targets to date. The country has generated GDP growth for the first quarter of 2005. Albeit its unemployment rate is marginally higher than its target, improvements in the labor market are notable. The CPI is also within the normal range. Given these conditions, economic perspective for the short run could be described as promising.

Google Analytics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Google Analytics - Research Paper Example Based on these information and data, businesses of any size, are able to attract more visitors online, convert prospective visitors into clients, thereby are able to have very high return on investment (ROI). Google analytics can be safely labelled as a powerful web based analytical tool that sanctions marketers across the world to have easy access to web analytics, which in turn can help them create better advertisements and build superior websites catering to the customers’ needs. The most important aspect of the tool is that it comes totally free from Google with the same operating features and platform, thus enabling easy installations and constant support on hand. (Watrall & Siarto. 2009) 1. Track the advertising ROI: This feature enables the marketer to start off by setting the goals he would like to achieve and then track the conversions against the defined goals. GA has been integrated with companies like AdWorld and Adsense , which in turn provide the marketer with in-depth data and metrics. These can be used towards a better understanding of the client requirements. (Clifton, 2010) 2. Multimedia tracking: GA enables the marketer to collect usage metrics by tracking mobile phone websites, web enabled devices, search engines and social networking sites. The data is used towards better consumer understanding and impacts the conversion rates. 3. Personalized report generator: this advanced feature allows the marketer to segregate, analyse, track data discrepancies and generate tailor-made or customised reports. It also has options like the Dashboard which can store relevant info and can be accessed easily without the hassle of going through too many reports. GA has the ability to export data using Data export application. 4. Easy sharing of data: GA facilitates uncomplicated and trouble free information and data sharing within the organization or relevant groups while

Types of health Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Types of health - Coursework Example Diabetes is a dangerous disease where the sugar balances in the blood of a human being does not match with the clinical requirement and the health standards in order for the body to be functioning well the insulin does not perform well. There are two types of diabetes that affects the human bodies. There is the diabetes mellitus where the amount of sugar in the body exceeds the required amount here the level of insulin is low. The next is the diabetes insipidus, where the level of sugar in the blood is below the required standard. I feel my blood sugar level is slightly above the normal since once I consume something sweet I feel so much irritated and I feel as if I will never take sugar in my life again.I had picked this topic since I felt that it is the best and the level of the sugar has given me a headache and much stress in life since I started feeling the abnormalities in the body. I have always wanted to get the advice and know how to control this disease. I have always search ed for the treatment or measure to take in order to control it.In order to be able to manage the diagnosis, I will try to be taking food with less sugar and be eating three meals a day which are also less in sugar and the sugary substances. The food that I will be taking will contain no sugar or glucose in any way. I will try to be undertaking exercise more often so that the insulin levels in my body can fix itself. I will undertake the medicines and pills given by the doctor in order to increase the level of insulin in the body.

Bollywood Film Essay Example for Free

Bollywood Film Essay The development of technology has caused various changes in the different aspects of the society. One of the most observable modifications is in terms of the source of entertainment for most people. Nowadays, majority of the people are interested in watching movies. They tend to get the satisfaction out of looking at actors and actresses play various roles. Motion pictures also portray different themes that could be focused on romance, actions, horror, science fiction, and others. The clamor for movies also paved the way for the success and popularity of numerous thespians such as those in Bollywood. Bollywood usually make movies that feature the concept of Scopophilia, which literally means the â€Å"love of watching. † This term is also synonymous with voyeurism that pertains to the experience of sexual gratification by means of observing other people in secret. Most of the time, the object of such kind of desire is someone who is undressed or engaged in a sexual activity. The main idea in the concept of scopophilia is that the one who is looking or peeping does not interact with the person being observed. In the same manner that movie-viewing also adheres to such practice because the audience watches the activities of the people on the screen, who are unaware that they are being observed. Most of the time, filmmakers would use erotic scenes in order to satisfy the sense of scopophilia within a person. However, they could get around it by featuring a chaste woman in the plot of the story. In this sense, the filmmakers are actually creating a balance between a woman who easily engages in sexual activity and another female who represents the conservative value of being chaste. This is greatly observable in Shri 420, wherein it shows two women that were linked with the main character Raj, Vidya the virtuous woman and Maya the sultry temptress. The film shows erotic scenes especially those involving Maya. Nevertheless, they were able to get away with it because of the argument that these scenes are important in order to show the difference of Maya from Vidya. As such, erotic scenes were perceived to have an important purpose in the plot of the story to be able to distinguish the kinds of women that exist. This also symbolizes the difference of the good and the bad that is shown in the movie, wherein Raj was with Vidya when he was still living a morally upright life but later on tempted by Maya when he was already engaged in illegal activities. The discussions above show that scopophilia is actually the main idea behind the very nature of movie-watching. Filmmakers usually use erotic scenes in order to satisfy this kind of desire within a person. Nevertheless, erotic scenes also have an important part in the movie as it tends to distinguish the upright life from the unethical one by using women as examples.

Different Forms Of Democracy

Different Forms Of Democracy The preceding paper describes democracy in detail. It discusses different forms of democracy. The difference between liberal democracy and democracy has also been analyzed in this paper. It puts light on the seven institutional guarantees of liberal democracy and examines each of the institutional guarantees in detail. Most of the people around the globe are familiar to the word democracy but its meaning is often misunderstood by the ton at occasions when marshal law administrators, single-party governments and military groups acquire the support of millions of people by claiming that they are a democratic government. The word democracy has been derived from the Greek word demos which means people. Democracy can be defined as a form of government in which the supreme power belongs to the people of the nation. In some forms of democracy this power is exercised, directly, by the people of the nation. In other forms, however, this power is being exercised by the agents that are being elected by the general public. According to Abraham Lincoln, democracy can be defined as the government of the people, by the people, for the people. (Cincotta , 2006) The word democracy is often used in place of freedom, but these two words are not synonyms. Although, democracy consists of ideas and theories regarding freedom but it also consists of rules, procedures and policies that have been carved through history. Democracy, therefore, can be defined as an institutionalized form of freedom. (Cincotta, 2006) Types of Democracy: The five major types of democracy are as follows: Direct Democracy: This form of democracy does not advocate the selection of rulers by the general public or the ruled instead it denies the concept that there is any difference between the ruler and the ruled. In such a form all the adult citizens get together to shape the laws and policies for the nation. In other words, we can say that the government and the general public become one. (Democracy,) Deliberative Democracy: It is the form of democracy in which the general public, not just the political personalities, deeply get engaged in the process of public decision making. The citizens also take part in the problem solving processes. The citizens, who are the representatives of a wide variety of stakeholders, who are generally trained by professional experts come together to discuss various facts and concepts from the diversified point of views. They talk to each other and consider various options that are presented to them. They also critically analyze the tension that underlies most of the decisions related to public issues. In the end, the citizens as well as the politicians reach a conclusion or a decision that is being made by both public and political opinion. Most of the countries, nowadays, are trying to employ the deliberative form of democracy. (Carcasson Sprain, 2010) Representative Democracy In this form of democracy people elect representatives who rule them. Most of the nations in todays world are representative democracies. In such nations, a flag represents a nation, a lawyer represents a client and elected politicians represent the nation on international and national levels. The rulers or the representatives allow the general public to have considerable influence or control over them. According to Joseph Schumpeter, representative democracy gives the general public the right to accept or refuse the person who would rule them. (Democracy,) Liberal Democracy Liberal democracy can also be defined as limited government. It limits the authority of the government in order to secure the liberty and the freedom of the public. It also seeks to defend the rights of the minority and to protect the minority from the major danger that is being by democracy, the tyranny and oppression of the majority. This form of government can be defined as the rule of the law rather than the men. In this form of government the rulers are subjected to follow the constitutions and laws. These constitutions consist of rules regarding individual rights. If a citizen feels that he is being exploited by the government then he can raise a dispute in the judicial institutions. (Democracy,) Illiberal or Electoral Democracy In this type of democracy, the leaders or rulers pay no or very little attention to the rights of the individual citizens. The process of democracy is limited to the elections. And in some cases the elections are also disrupted by the influence of the rulers and they may turn the election process in favor of their party. (Democracy,) Difference between Democracy and Liberal Democracy Democracy or presidential form of government can be defined as a form of government where strong decisions are being made immediately in a short period of time and are implemented as well. It is a form of government where the voice of people is valued more than the freedom of the government. According to Schmitt, liberal democracy can be identified with plurality, compromise and indecision. In such a system the freedom of individuals is valued a lot. The decision making process in this form is very lengthy and weak. The decisions made in this form of government, are temporary and do not provide a permanent solution for any problem. Nowadays, in the parliamentary or a liberal form of government the real decisions are being made by the executive committee members behind the closed doors and the parliament is being treated as a debate house. This indicates that the present form of liberal democracy is moving away from its basic objective, public decision making. In a democracy, unlike l iberal democracy where public decision making is practiced, there is a set of rules and regulations which is being followed to make all the important decisions. According to Schmitts theoretical approach, a democracy may exist in a real world but it is nearly impossible for a liberal democracy to exist and sustain in the real world. (Stewart, 2002) Institutional Guarantees Provided by Liberal Democracy For the liberal democracy to exist, it must fulfill the following institutional guarantees; Freedom to Form and Join Organizations All the individuals have complete freedom to join the organization (political) of their choice or they may form their own political organization. For example, the United States of America allows its citizens to freely form and join political organizations. There are about 29 minor and 5 major political parties in the United States of America. Freedom of Expression: All the citizens of a liberal democracy have a right to express their views freely. For example, public demonstrations in different democratic states clearly represent the fact that the general public in democratic states has a complete right to express their views. Inclusive Suffrage: This condition provides all individuals the right to cast the vote and to elect the government. The liberal democracy, for example, provides men and women an equal right to cast the vote whereas; in the previous times women were being neglected in the case of casting votes. The Right to Run for an Office This means that the individual citizens as well as the political candidates have a right to run for a political office in a liberal democracy. For example, in different states many private candidates run for different offices, such as Ross Perrot, who ran for US presidential elections in 1992. Right of Political Leaders to Compete for Vote and Support A liberal democracy allows all the political candidates to compete with each other in legal ways to get their voted and support. For example, different political leaders arrange mass political campaigns in order to convince the people to vote for them. Availability of Alternative Information It is the right of the people to have complete information about all the alternative options available for them. The liberal governments, for example, provide all possible information and complete profiles (including their asset count, net income) of the potential candidates to the general public. Free and Fair Elections It is the responsibility of the government in a liberal democracy to conduct free and fair elections so that the deserving candidate may win and the people may get what they want. For instance, the government posts military officials at various polling stations so that the elections may be conducted peacefully. In addition to that, various policies have been designed by a number of governments in order to avoid vote tracking. Conclusion The increase in transition, from an authoritarian form of government, to democracy has led towards an increase in the number of corrupt governments and system failures. In a survey conducted in third world countries, it was reported that the majority of the people (about 74 percent) said that democracy is the best form of government but they (about 55 percent) also indicated that they would not mind having an authoritarian leader if that would lead towards better economic conditions. Democracy has its pros and cons, but if managed properly, this form of government can bring the best out of a nation and its people. (Howard, 2011)

How Service Learning Enriches the Learning Experience

How Service Learning Enriches the Learning Experience How Service Learning Enriches the Learning Experience Section I: Problem Statement Service learning is a teaching and learning strategy that integrates meaningful community service with instruction and reflection to enrich the learning experience, teach civic responsibility, and strengthen communities. Service learning is an extremely broad range of discussion that it utilized all over the country and all over the world as a teaching strategy. I will analyze this topic from several different angles and perspectives in hopes to answer the question of How service learning enriches learning experiences, teaches empathy, strengthens communities, and develops participatory citizenship. To answer the question in the previous paragraph, I will explore into the following topics: service learning as a teaching technique, how service learning provides implications for empathy and community engagement in students, and how service learning develops participatory citizenship. I will also consider the real truth about service learning from a college students perspective, and the emotions of teaching through service learning. In addition, I will interview an educator with experience, expertise, and knowledge about service learning. After exploring these topics of discussion, it is my hope that the reader fully understands how service learning enriches learning experiences, teaches empathy, strengthens communities, and develops participatory citizenship. Section II: Literature Review Service learning as a teaching technique: Service learning, also known as experiential learning, is a creative teaching technique that incorporates community service with scholarly learning to enhance information and knowledge, educate civic engagement, and fortify communities. The service experience is incorporated into an academic course in which students complete composed and verbal reflection exercises about their bits of knowledge, encounters, and advantages amid the service learning opportunity. (Griffith Clark, 2016) Shared endeavors among the community or organization, the scholastic foundation, the course teacher, and the student are essential in a service learning project. The service organization has a need met while the scholarly foundation manufactures a partnership with the organization and surrounding community. The teacher gives significant, frequently difficult, learning encounters, and the students collaborate with people from differing and hindered backgrounds. For students, service learning enhances critical-thinking, leaderships skills, and promotes civil engagement. (Griffith Clark, 2016) The students participating in service learning ought to have clear expectations of what they will do all through the service learning venture. The teacher should address the idea of service learning and clarify why it is a piece of the course so students are set up to participate. The students should know the quantity of required service hours, service task depictions, how they will coordinate service learning with course content, and the assessment criteria. In arrangement for the service learning venture, students should recognize the abilities they will convey to the organizations for which they are working. This self-appraisal constructs students certainty and recognizes shortcomings they must take a shot at to be successful in the service learning environment. The students likewise should be urged to keep a log or diary of service learning exercises to use as a reference for composing their reflective writing assignments. (Griffith Clark, 2016) In addition to setting up the service learning opportunity, the teacher has numerous obligations amid execution. It is urgent for the teacher to give satisfactory direction to students. The measure of direction required relies on the students, the nature of the exercises, and the duration of the service project. The teacher should give students data that portrays the degree and motivation behind the project, organization and teacher desires, exercises, and due dates. Other teacher duties involve talking about scholastic honesty, staying in touch with service organization supervisors, checking students execution, giving time to students to examine their service, and creating alternate courses of action as required. (Griffith Clark, 2016) Service learning is an instructional approach that accentuates scholastic work and community benefit similarly. Furnishing students with hands-on service involvement in the group can improve the nature of a teachers instruction. Service learning additionally can enhance students basic intuition and administration abilities while advancing civil engagement. These activities cooperate to reinforce community partnerships between the service organization, the scholastic foundation, the teacher, and the students. Providing implications for empathy: Empathy is considered frequently as an identity feature in children on account of the significance of empathy for prosocial behavior, diminishments of withdrawn behavior, and healthy adolescent development. From an early age, both the home environment and parent-child communication are relied upon to impact the improvement and development of empathy. Once the child begins school, this environment turns into another socializing agent. Despite the fact that empathy is currently thought to develop early in life, its improvement proceeds into adolescence. In this manner, programs that advance the development of empathy are essential and valuable over an extensive variety of ages. (Scott Graham, 2015) Past reviews have found that empathy checks and moderates many negative identity highlights, particularly with a concentration in interpersonal domains. Furthermore, empathy seems to prompt decreases in reserved conduct, delinquent mentalities, outrage, externalizing practices, and physical and verbal violence levels. While the decline in ominous qualities holds essential clinical ramifications, there are studies that analyze the impacts of empathy training from a positive psychology perspective. The positive psychology perspective takes a gander at the qualities that help individuals and communities succeed and the temperance or circumstances and people as opposed to the pathology and harm that analysts frequently concentrate on. This point of view tried to develop self-assurance, empathy, certainty, and adapting aptitudes to make a perspective of typical that does not concentrate on emotional sickness but instead spotlights on the most proficient method to maintain a strategic dist ance from hindering circumstances. (Scott Graham, 2015) Providing implications for community engagement: Community engagement is characterized as dispositions, practice, information, and abilities intended to work for the benefit of everyone, with duty toward the encompassing group. It can be further clarified as community-oriented participation with an emphasis on humanitarian effort and participation in community organizations. The term community engagement is not common in the child development literature since this idea is typically investigated in older youths. In adolescence, the emphasis on community engagement changes from charitable effort in the community or neighborhood to an obligation toward the community with political ties. Since it is not typically conceivable in the US culture to be involved in political associations before adolescence, the term community engagement will be utilized rather than civic responsibility regarding those under eighteen years old. (Scott Graham, 2015) A standout amongst the most essential school components leading to community engagement is an open school atmosphere in which students participate in making rules and arranging events to create and develop democratic skills. A feeling of association with the group can likewise cultivate community engagement. Service learning has ended up being one strategy for reigniting community engagement in todays youth as well as a method for helping adolescents discover that they can change their communities while giving them aptitudes and materials to do as such. (Scott Graham, 2015) Service learning has an overall positive effect on empathy and community engagement in school aged students. Understanding this connection has implications for future citizenship, community engagement, altruism, and empathy. Considering decreasing trends of empathy and community engagement in adolescents and young adults in the past ten years or more, working to instill these characteristics in childhood is becoming more crucial. (Scott Graham, 2015) Developing participatory citizenship: Through service learning, instructors join the most elevated amounts of learning in Blooms Taxonomy with the largest amounts of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs keeping in mind that the end goal is to create a curriculum that strengthens the bridge from youthfulness to adulthood. By opening the entryway for experiential, applicable learning, service learning permits students to be participatory citizens instead of passive and novice individuals. The benefit of service learning is two-fold: 1. It rotates around sorted and organized active participation inside the community that empowers civic engagement and empathy, and 2. It presents organized opportunities for the application of knowledge and academic skills. (Myers, 2016) Experiential learning through service, combined with scholastic basic reflection and classroom community, can create participatory citizens who are better arranged for their general surroundings. Rather than putting secondary school ages students into holding tanks, secondary schools should give an extension that interfaces scholarly information with adult citizenship through service learning. Students could have a perspective of their future on the planet while as yet interfacing with their scholastic past. (Myers, 2016) Section III: Assessment of Problem Statement Service learning has been found to have a wider impact on society than community service or community exploration because it allows students to have a hands-on experience in the community while learning about the community to lessen the knowledge gap between students and the community. (Scott Graham, 2015) Through collaboration with different community organizations such as nursing homes, homeless shelters, veterans hospitals, childrens hospitals, and parent teacher associations, those participating in service learning can gain insight into the community needs, as well as learn about how service projects can play a role in minimizing serious social issues. (Scott Graham, 2015) In 2002, The National Commission on Service-Learning found that students become more engaged in school through service-learning because they are able to take responsibility for their own learning, providing hope for staving off academic disengagement. (Scott Graham, 2015) Late confirmation has reproduced the aforementioned outcomes demonstrating that service learning can lead to more grounded, scholarly engagement and performance results. A further look into this has demonstrated that students involved in service learning have more positive scholarly results in critical thinking, writing, and overall grade point average. (Scott Graham, 2015) Service learning additionally gives an essential extension amongst school and community to advance empathetic development. As far as self-improvement, students who are involved in service yearning have increases in concern, charitableness, duty, social fitness, and obligation. Two results that have been revealed in past studies on service learning are 1. An expansion in compassion and 2. A reinforcing of future community engagement. (Scott Graham, 2015) Studies have been completed to determine the impact of a service learning course on students self-efficacy where analysis resulted in three major themes: 1. Constructive criticism and self-reflection improve self-efficacy, 2. Experience breeds confidence, and 3. Service learning encourages students to obtain more knowledge and experience in areas of deficiency after the service learning experience. (Goodell, Cooke, Ash, 2016) Constructive criticism and self-reflection improve self-efficacy: Students have reported that, while sometimes painful to hear, they believe that constructive criticism improved their skills when working in the community. Most students appreciated receiving constructive criticism from peers and superiors; they looked at constructive criticism comments as opportunities for growth and to adjust accordingly. (Goodell, Cooke, Ash, 2016) Experience breeds confidence: Based on the data gathered in pre-experience interviews and reflections, those who perceived themselves to either have an innate ability to perform well at a task or who had previous experience with a task were more likely to express higher self- efficacy related to those specific teaching skills prior to the experience. While overall teaching self-efficacy improved in students after their service- learning experiences, the students reported greatest improvements in self-efficacy related to the skills in which they originally lacked confidence the most. Students attributed this newfound confidence to their service-learning experience. (Goodell, Cooke, Ash, 2016) Service learning encourages students to gain more knowledge and experience in areas of deficiency: Reflecting on those weaknesses not fully addressed during the service-learning experience, students expressed a desire to improve on those skills through future experiences. They discussed general and specific ways in which they could obtain training. In addition to the desire to obtain new skill sets, students also discussed a newfound motivation to improve their knowledge because of the service learning experience. Many students were motivated to engage in self-led education to ensure that they were knowledgeable enough to help those they were teaching. (Goodell, Cooke, Ash, 2016) I interviewed a special education colleague who instructs service learning as part of her curriculum. I presented her with the emotional satisfactions and emotional hazards that most teachers can identify when they teach through service learning. I used the LeCrom, Pelco, Lassiter that reviews the emotions of teaching through service learning to see if my colleague felt any of these emotions as well. I presented her with the following Emotional Satisfactions: Something done, someone reaches: the pleasure and privilege of completing benevolent service acts that enhance the lives of those involved. (LeCrom, Pelco, Lassiter, 2016) Moral purpose: the service encounter is a mutual moral activity; it answers a moral call in the whole while strengthening the moral beliefs and values of those volunteering. (LeCrom, Pelco, Lassiter, 2016) Personal affirmation: the service enables one to rediscover the inherent gifts on has to offer the world that are usually taken for granted. (LeCrom, Pelco, Lassiter, 2016) Stoic endurance: a mix between being fully committed to the work and those served, yet remaining somewhat detached. (LeCrom, Pelco, Lassiter, 2016) Boost to success: the service work is also self-serving, providing distinguishing experiences that aid career advancement. (LeCrom, Pelco, and Lassiter, 2016) My colleague said that she has felt all of these satisfactions at one time or another while teaching through service learning. She also said that she thinks that these satisfactions are even more satisfying when working with students with special needs. When I asked her if she had to make a choice as to which satisfaction was the most satisfying to her, she said that she would have to pick the Something done, someone reached satisfaction. I then presented her with the following Emotional Hazards: Weariness and resignation: service work, over time, proves to psychologically draining and increasingly disinteresting to providers who begin thinking of doing something else or, at the very least, taking an extended break. (LeCrom, Pelco, Lassiter, 2016) Cynicism: a gloomy doubtfulness about the world, people, and their potential that skeptically overshadows any sense of hope for the service work; results in serious questioning of whether the service work is even impactful. (LeCrom, Pelco, Lassiter, 2016) Arrogance, anger, and bitterness: a growing feeling of outrage by the problems the service work is trying to resolve, sometimes enacted on others who are assisting in the work, and becomes embittered with how people in power to nothing; eventually the service provider believes they are the only ones who are doing anything. (LeCrom, Pelco, Lassiter, 2016) Despair: a deepening sadness for the impermeable misfortunes of others, making it difficult to notice anything positive from the service work besides the advantages accrued to the service providers. (LeCrom, Pelco, Lassiter, 2016) Burnout/Depression: a general sense of utter disappointment, hopelessness, or exhaustion that arise with the arduous duties of service work; a depressive condition takes over the spirit and bring with is devastating feelings of going through the motions or terminating the work altogether.' (LeCrom, Pelco, Lassiter, 2016) My colleague shared with me that she has experienced weariness, cynicism, and burnout during times that she was teaching through service learning. She explained to me that the weariness comes towards the beginning of the school year, the cynicism comes towards the middle of the school year, and the burnout comes towards the end of the school year. Section IV: Reflection References Goodell, L. S., Cooke, N. K., Ash, S. s. (2016). A Qualitative Assessment of the Impact of a Service-Learning Course on Students Discipline-Specific Self-Efficacy. Journal Of Community Engagement Higher Education, 8(2), 28-40. Griffith, T., Clark, K. R. (2016). Teaching Techniques. Service Learning. Radiologic Technology, 87(5), 586-588. LeCrom, C. W., Pelco, L., Lassiter, J. W. (2016). Faculty Feel It Too: The Emotions of Teaching Through Service-learning. Journal Of Community Engagement Higher Education, 8(2), 41-56. MYERS, A. (2016). Building Bridges to the World: Utilizing Service Learning During the Senior Year to Develop Participatory Citizenship. American Secondary Education, 44(3), 4-12. Scott, K. E., Graham, J. j. (2015). Service-Learning. Journal Of Experiential Education, 38(4), 354-372.

Managing a Creative Culture Essay -- essays research papers

Managing a Creative Culture: Do â€Å"Creatives† Fit into the Traditional Management System? The ability to reach the creative individual cannot be achieved through the traditional management organization. Creative people don't fit in very well in a hierarchical organization with traditional management techniques. To manage creatives, a new model must be developed. Organizations must take heed to the needs of creatives or be subject to losing these valuable resources. Summary Resources, freedom and challenge are the management keys necessary to develop and maintain a creative environment. These keys, along with encouraging and supporting â€Å"creatives,† will foster the growth and development of an organization’s employees, management and ultimately it’s culture. Many organizations have tremendous success in recognizing and cultivating the creative talent of its employees. Whether this talent is already in effect or brought out, managers must take the best approach to ensure a positive, creative impact on the organization. Organizations that do not change with the times will soon find themselves behind or more seriously—non-existent. Different things motivate them and money is no longer the top motivator for creatives. Looking at creatives from another view, this group, also referred to as the creative class, represents a powerful economic force. Not economic force in terms of ownership of property or the means of production but their creative capacity which is an intangible because it is literally in their heads. So what will draw the creative to a particular organization? Creative expression and the chance to present new ideas and deliver results in different ways is the top motivation, but does traditional management provide this opportunity? This paper will present a correlation between organizational management, culture, creative types and how understanding and fostering their integration produces successful organizations. Introduction Managing creatives is counter-intuitive. It goes against almost everything we are taught about managing a business. That's why managers rarely do a good job at managing these kinds of workers. Managing creative people is counter-intuitive for two reasons--the nature of the work is different and the nature of the worker is different. Creative people don't fit in very well in a hierarchical organization with traditional man... ...ir work to inspire them. They want to feel good about who they are through the work they do. When that happens, creativity flourishes. An organization must look within its employees and understand what they are passionate about. It is then that they will build systems to successfully nurture creatives. References Amabile, T. (1998). How to kill creativity. Harvard Business Review, 77-87 Beir, J. (1995). Managing Creatives, Vital Speeches of the Day, 61(16) Cummings, L. (1965). Organizational climates for creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 220-227 DeSalvo, T. (1999, June). Unleash the creativity in your organization. HR Magazine, 154-164. Florida, R. (2002). The rise of the creative class. New York: Basic Books. Myers, R. & Ray, M. (1986). Creativity in business. New Jersey: Doubleday & Company, Inc. Robinson, A. & Stern, S. (1997). Corporate creativity: How innovation and improvement actually happen. California: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc. Smethurst, S. & Glover, C. (2003, March). Creative License. People Management, 30-34 Tan, G. (1998). Managing creativity in organizations: A total system approach. Managing Creativity in Organizations, 7(1): 23-31

Analysis of Langston Hughes On the Road :: On The Road essays

Analysis of Langston Hughes' On the Road In life, we are often confronted with boundaries created by society and ourselves. In our limited understanding of what those boundaries represent, we find ourselves confined by our ego. Racism and prejudices have plagued society for many years, and many of us have been judged and condemned for expressing our true selves. How long must it take for us all to be accepted as beautiful beings, all perfectly capable of greatness and joy? Langston Hughes', "On the Road," uses beautiful symbolism and imagery. He offers a gift to his readers: Open your heart and life will provide unlimited abundance. During this literary analysis, we will take a look at how Hughes uses nature to demonstrate his main character's unwillingness to participate in life. Another point we'll examine is the use of anger and survival and how it can be used as a powerful force in breaking down racial barriers. Next, we'II look at Jesus Christ as a metaphor for how we experience life and how traditional church values contradict each other when it comes to the acceptance of human beings. Finally, we'll briefly take an historic look at how the Depression gave blacks an even playing field with whites. To begin with, Hughes uses nature to demonstrate a distinct relationship amongst blacks and whites. His use of snow and night convey a point simple enough, but through the use of these metaphors, he enables the story to be less invasive and more appealing to everyone that experiences "On the Road". Hughes' main character, Sargeant, is left doubting the goodness of life. "Sargeant didn't see the snow, not even under the bright lights of the main street, falling white and flaky against the night. He was too hungry, too sleepy, too tired" (Hughes 1). For almost two hundred years white people have suppressed the black population. Hughes' use of snow and night give us perfect example. Sargeant was tired of fighting, tired of surviving, tired of hoping, and most of all tired of the white people who've suppressed and tormented his life. On the other hand, Hughes reminds us that if combined, the beauty of both night and snow create a perfect harmony.