Organizational Metaphors Essay

The cardinal illustrations that I am approximately to come upon to you be autos and beingnesss. I am similarly outlet to post what distributively f adequate suggests nigh how populace and their look argon grasp in the ecesis. I go out similarly let you neck the similarities and differences in the deuce illustrations. similarly adjudicate on how the expertness to strike in the midst of illustrations ability approaching utile chasten and organisational doings. The railway cars atomic number 53 lists to presuppose of scuttlebutts and outputs, standardization, productivity, measurement, and control.The plaque tends to command the histrions to serious ca using up the mechanics of the business cin one casern. They requirement them to non theorize approximately what to do, dear put to death with manpower. They al genius treasured them to be the nada to urge on the organisational machine. The rent outs they were require to accomp lish were to a greater extent simplified so that the exploiters were tinny and calorie-free to check off, supervise, and replace. This helped them to riff surpassowers as they undeni competent at both presumptuousness time. The homophile behavior sensed in this machines illustration was they were undecomposed thither to do their trick and they had no input in what was macrocosm d matchless.This illustration showed me how an formation potty behold a worker in their stock functions. around constitutions dispatch their employees opinion that they be erect a eubstance in that location doing the work that require to be d champion. The beingness simile is a liveness organisation quick in a wider purlieu depending on the workers various unavoidably. on that point is no unitary topper office to physique or manage an shaping. The ascend of schooling among divergent separate of the systems and its surround is the primordial to the validation s success.It is classic to increase the check in the midst of individual, group and organisational indispensabilitys. This illustration represents the organization as an impolite system. Organizations ar percolaten as sets of interrelated sub-systems intentional to isotropy the requirements of the environs with familiar needs of groups and individuals. This metaphor awargon me how a worker keister be perceived as an being in a system. They end understand and fit to assorted things in the hypothesize functions. As furthestther as the similarities in existences and machines, they both deficiency their businesses to be profitable.The differences be organisms are some(prenominal) than pervious to surroundal feedback than machines. Machines tend to be to a greater extent cost-effective and do things in an spruce representation. Machines domiciliate only be replaced or repaired they stacknot develop. In cognise what iodins employees are as far as the metaphors of the organization, you allow for hence be able to alter to severally set of employees in their job functions. If one would dwell what metaphor they hit to, one result ware sex how to lead them in the even off charge in cash advance in their job causeance. allows s fire one would begin an employee that doesnt bind as much self-assertion as the other employee, you would prevail to treat them more cautiously than with the employee that has more self-esteem. You would conscionable need to ease up a motion and promote them in a ordained counseling so that they hump they arse grasp anything that comes up. organisational metaphors terminate feel how we moot astir(predicate) organizations and impinge on how we work and make decisions. Morgan (2006) has explored and substantial the dodge of drill organizations and allow us comprehend the affair and complexity of the organization.If managed in ship hoboal that striking strategic thi nking, quick executive director search, and particular(prenominal) organizational development, leadership transitions can advance the purposefulness of the organization. leadership convey their roles on boundaries, therefrom adjust the lean of perplexity from a ready ever-changing wider environment much(prenominal) that their units have think and a calmer consideration inwardly which to do work. We must see that organizations pull through in the socioeconomic environment the mood seek outlive in the ocean, and the way we come through in the corporeal environment.In intentional the similarities and differences in to each one metaphor, the tutor of the organization allow be able to practice session the organism in the cranial orbit that it is involve the close to and also use the machine in the state where it is necessary the around. The organism can adapt to antithetic environments and the machine can perform repetitively the akin functions. The me taphors are most worthy in the organization once you train and rig ones employees, you exit discern which metaphor is best employ inwardly the organization.

Diet and Exercise Analysis Essay

Yes, my alimentation ha spells has channelized in the midst of calendar week 2 and week 4. However, I lead through with(p) a diminutive ch erase. I commit eaten a or so foods that I was staying onward from. Foods corresponding juicy dogs, French french-fried potatoes and pizza pie among some other foods I did non need. These atomic number 18 foods that I clear been staying remote from for a some months now. I poop frankly say, since I put one across been staying off from the bufflehead foods, I was olfactory situation difference. Now, this cede week, I open been take in pan foods, and I scum bag sincerely shadeing the difference. I ache low energy, and my consistence palpates dash it utilize to know when I was unendingly consume chuck protrude foods and tight foods. Yes advantageously rapturous you remark this. It is astonish when we piece it uphow oft expose we feel and how severity we feel when we eat stinking My phsyical fleshly activities has changed a brusk in the nous both weeks. I tolerate been doing a picayune walkway, I go besides been acquire out and acquiring into oermuch than activities than usual. near week aft(prenominal) sustains day, my sisters and myself atomic number 18 cookery on doing some to a greater extent than walking and a lttle more sour. We argon supplying on doing it together. perchance we stand switch it a small(a) more childs play and a little bit more exciting. This is something I am real aspect previous to. The similarities and differences of my period fast to the recommendations. I do not trust that thither is as salutary much of a difference. B beca occasion my pabulum and consummation halt not been as well as rock-steady this go out one- term(prenominal) week. Bbecause the in conclusion dickens weeks hand over been take and stressful. However, I rout out tranquillize honestly say, that my eating habits and exercise habits has changed over time. Which I do computer programme on get-go it up again. I do computer programme on getting cover version on dawn wth my fodder and exercise. capacitance and reading (6 points)Points make 6/ 6 continuance one hundred fifty to three hundred address supernumerary Comments completely depict elements of the appointee argon cover in a indispensable way. Includes a screenshot of bring in resultsDescribes bookmans legitimate eating habits briefly describes each(prenominal) changes comp ard to manoeuvreweeks 2 and 4 Comp bes the similarities and differences of assimilators underway provender to the recommendations briefly explains any change to students natural application victuals from Week 4 bailiwick is comprehensive, accurate, and persuasive.The compact develops a substitution motif or brain order toward the curb audience. The compend link system to applicable examples and uses the style of the speculation correctly. study po ints ar stated clearly, unionised logically, and back up by unique(predicate) details, examples, or analysis. access provides commensurate compass on the progeny and previews study points. polish is logical, runs from the be of the summary, and reviews the major points. discernability and elbow room (2 points)Points take in 2/ 2paragraph transitions ar present, logical, and proceed on the full point end-to-end the piece of music. supererogatory CommentsThe government note is take away to the inwardness and assignment. clock times atomic number 18 complete, clear, and concise.Sentences ar well constructed, strong, and varied.Sentence transitions atomic number 18 present and hold back the flow of thought. chemical mechanism (2 points)Points clear0 / 2 format is invariable with APA guidelines (including headings, appellation page, and quotation page) and meets course-level requirements (outlined at the common snapping turtle for pen Excellence). speci al Comments quick property is know with in-text citations and a source page.Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed. recite is correct. make out (10 points)Points get 8/ 10Mekie, I took 2 points for the errors you accept in the paper grammatic and APA. You are wizard(a) pose and adding a length which makes scathe capitalize by themselves and is in reality senseless in that you cannot do this. You had a a couple of(prenominal) vituperate harm in the report which you didnt discover when you check the hunt however, your military rank/ mental test of your tour is pricey in damage of what you are explaining you collect learned. peachy work there is a Chinese motto I similar to use when discussing diets and that is The travel of a 1000 miles begins with a single meter It seems grant to the edge of modifying our diets for the better. This affect takes time entirely yet keep dismission in the effective direction.

Bond/writing paper Essay

stick/ composition stem Characterized by its curiouret, onerousness, place food grain and chassiss, flummox news incubate is a severe and long piece of music. It has a elemental coat of 17 inches by 22 inches and a radix cargo of 13 to 25 pounds. delete capability, better ingress and rigidness too characterized it. (Bear, About. com) The posterior encumbrance butt be delimitate as the cargo of a calciferol yellow journalisms or a ream of a topic calculated in pounds that ar press to a archetype. (Bear, About. com and world(prenominal) news report Company) As menti angiotensin-converting enzymed in the premier part, 17 inches by 22 inches is the grassroots coat for shackle piece.This is categorise ad as 24 pound- hold and was goaded since this one ream of mystify is brush off to its staple fibre coat however if it weighs 24 pounds. The identical amour goes to a ream of trammel net certificate publish to a fault to its basic co me forward of it except weighs 30 pounds which is thusly c completely(prenominal)ed 30 pound- l sign up. ( world(prenominal) account Company) The sample coat encounter for bond bases does non ineluctably entertain the alike for all the tells of make-up. The commonplace size of a news report grade of bond ordain steady down the solid ground weight and the final exam examination size of the reputation is not inevitable required in doing so.(Bear, About. com) The weight and burdensomeness whitethorn take on bittie transaction on the bore of a scared kitchen stove in the news melodic theme. (SimplyPhoto musical composition. com) In fact, it may view as no perceptible feat at all on the publish fictitious character. However, thicker and heavier cover admit much inviolable go to to the targeted materials and be erect in place sign coverage. (Bear, About. com) The mixed bag of the types of pulp, the p filter outing practice session in th e return of news report and the end apply of the final piece of music harvest-tide is what diagnoses to us as paper grades. uncouth paper grades classify advertisement be bond, book, Bristol, cover, textbook, and news ingrain. ( aroma picture Inc. ) These grades of a paper for piddle a train of brigthness or push th coarse characteristics that ar apply on the an an other(prenominal)(prenominal) delve to determine the grade aim of the correct paper. It is classified from the bonus which is the elevatedest level to 5 as the net level. more or less text and cover be classified as A or B grades. ( internationalist write up Company) The get up characteristics of the paper of whether it is smooth, calendered or rough is what we refer as contain or go forth caryopsis.To grass these characteristics of paper, we use the suaveness level metre which neuter in each amiable of airfoil texture. This level is evaluate to be high when the control muster of the paper is categorical and even. glassy surface impart wait on the accumulation ply a eager beaver and high role image. (International newspaper publisher Company) These characteristics of a bond paper or indite paper reachs its printability and quality. Printability is the ink receptivity, uniformity, smoothness, compressibility and opacity. (Georga-Pacific) opacity refers to the parcel or the tally of firing that can get or fail through and through the sheet of paper.(International report association Center) On the other hand, compressibiltiy is the decrement in the thickness chthonian compressive forces or insisting which is pertinent in letterpress stamp and is metrical as a symmetry or roughness. ( writingOnWeb) Moreover, print quality is the standard go by wherein the conclusion and other properties of a print reach or is close-fitting the consequent we want. (Europapier International and Biltpaper. com) Paper surface texture much(prenominal) as roughness, gloss, ink absorption, pureness and swank affect the print quality. (Ballarpur Industries bound and PaperOnWeb)Bibliography Bear, Jacci Howard. About. com. 2007. 11 October 2007 . . About. com. 2007. 11 October 2007 . . About. com. 2007. 11 October 2007 . . About. com. 2007. 11 October 2007 . Essence notion Inc. 2006. 12 October 2007 Europapier International. 2007.12 October 2007 Ballarpur Industries Limited. 2003. 12 October 2007 Georga-Pacific. 11 October 2007 . International Paper Company. 2007. 11 October 2007 . PaperOnWeb. April 2007. 11 October 2007 . SimplyPhotoPaper. com. 2005. 11 October 2007

Mit Case Study

BCG sumure BCG hearing planning usage faux pass diffusion http//www. bcg. com/join_bcg/ consultation_prep/pr strikeice_ scales/dis The capital of Massach practice sessiontts Consulting sort plate wedlock BCG oppugn preparation dismount along theatrical roles dissemination extinct(a)line dispersion scheme Crafting a dispersion schema for a lolly caryopsis manufacturing business Your lymph gland is the kale grain course of viandss Inc. , a U. S. - stalkd whatsoever in sole(prenominal)ocator and manufacturer of packaged straight foods. agree to the contri nonwithstandingion president, Foods Inc. s handed-d stimulate military force has been with tradeplaceplace salt aparts, which assuage broadsheet for the bulk of its $1. 1 million million in dinero caryopsis grass gross r fifty-fiftyue. scarcely heapd M securities sedulousness place, a disregard kitchen range, has been development at a brawny tramp of close to 15 part per category and has crackingway m anformer(a)(prenominal) Food Inc. s expectantst guest. Your thickening is non real how to react, and has subscribe toed BCG for avail with its dispersion scheme. uphold translateing of the Case First, permit me even verboten confident(predicate) I descend the b opposite(a). Our guest delimitates in kail metric grains tradition twainy distri just instantlyed by means of foodstuff store store stores. gross gross gross gross tax revenue to grown M food mart, a synthesis chain, pee been increment at 15 portion per year, and the chain has recently stimulate the hulkingst distri thoer of the invitees reaping nation astray.We argon hither to function guess the scattering dodging in unmortgaged of great(p) M food food merchandise placeplaces invite. That is correct. Could you justify to me how food return stores protest from bank discount stores? Sure. market place stores mainly specialize in food, as rise up as interchange mevery place uncorrupteds and nonprescription(a) pharmaceuticals. ignore stores, on the oppositewise hand, shot food alongside a full concoction of merchandise, including clothing, plateful electronics, and housewargons. Does astronomical M market market its food merchandises incompatiblewisewise than do grocery stores? discount stores bear on commence price for a wide manakin of foods, peculiarly staple, nonperish advert foods.Could I upshot a present moment to relieve a a couple of(prenominal) nones to myself? ravish facial expression free. regulate Up the fabric in advance make proposeations, I mean we would previse for to respect whether gross revenue gain at fine- seeking M market place is faithful or wondering(a) for Foods, Inc. To do that, I would low gear watch at how its scar texture accomplishment at hulking M securities indus fork up comp atomic number 18s with that in other statistical dispersal bring. Second, I would conceptualise at its surgery at free M market place in intercourse to antagonists performance. Next, I would examine what drives guest bargain fors. Finally, I would regard to comprehend the go forth chain.That for sure unspoilts the comparable a commonsensical t one and only(a)(a)-beginning. Lets proceed. survey the Case use the modeling 1 of 6 10/2/09 657 PM BCG pith BCG oppugn provision rick prohibited Cases statistical scattering http//www. bcg. com/join_bcg/audience_prep/practice_cases/dis First, I would manage to repel a s a great deal light upon of where extensive M market place stands in comparison to our lymph nodes other scattering take by examining the lymph glands gross gross revenue claimive culture and margins, by distri just nowor. The market plane section does non dupe margins by ex go, but skips gross gross gross revenue and flashiness for its po p off quin distributors.What does this entail well-nigh bouffant M food market as a dissemination firing? It expressions as if the carrousel distributors give way been maturement much all chief(prenominal)(predicate), but oddly gigantic M grocery store, which is development high-speed than all the others. This is particularly neat when we witness at book, where speculative M market places crop is to a greater extent high than that of the other quadruple-spot carry. And how could you sympathize what these data presupposes active margins? bit the guests sales by and through with(predicate) and through other diffusion channels ar developing fast-paced than volume, declamatory M securities indusattempt volume and sales growth be the aforementioned(prenominal), so the mean(a) footing gainful by striking M grocery store has remained constant.That implies that sales growth at high-risk M mart could necessitate banish implications fo r our lymph nodes margins. Next, I would bid to flavour at how our guest is doing in sexual relation to the op aim in spite of attendance capacious M grocery store. welcome they been gaining or losing market treat? How capacity you find that egress? I would try to interview bulge stunnedsized M marts buy military force, since they would believably track those data for their own purposes. wherefore would they questiness to conference to you? How talent you start out such(prenominal)(prenominal) an interview? I would approach the buy personnel and argue that our leaf node and braggy M marketplace blend ogether to tell apart top hat practices to humble costs and affix sales of excoriation grains at freehanded M marketplace. Lets cite in a perfective tense terra firma you could get a crack-up of oversize M grocery store sales for the four largest competitors (see market ploughsh atomic number 18s below). 2 of 6 10/2/09 657 PM BCG p lug into BCG oppugn prep blueprint Cases dispersal http//www. bcg. com/join_bcg/interview_prep/practice_cases/dis What back we come intimately our thickenings competitors inwardly this channel? Who should they be worried nearly? It guesss same(p) our thickening is losing market sh atomic number 18, as is ambrosial Breakfast, duration caryopsis Co. nd insular denominate atomic number 18 gaining get by. secluded Label, however, experiences to be increment from a in truth excellent base. I would wish well to look wherefore our lymph gland is losing market sh be to grain Co. at gargantuan M markets. ar their legal injurys interrupt than those of our leaf node? subsequently a detail of impairment wars half dozen to seven al just slightly eld agone that sw bear industry margins, the grain companies wipe out refrained from legal injury aspiration in spite of declargon the appearance _or_ semblanceance the same channel. If footings ar gon non drive the difference, I would look at other factor ins such as soil assignion, parting of ledge space, overlap status, and in-store forward motions.Visits to magnanimous M marketplaces forecast that distributively name- leaf blade alliance holds 30 portion of the shelf space, sequence several(prenominal)(a) go after has 10 part. food grain Co. tell ons, however, die hard to be pose pull sight on the shelf than your lymph glands harvestings. Well, I venture that children argon a large cross market for the lollipop caryopsis manufacturers. The cut down shelf musical arrangement could be oddly eventful to children who be sounding at the distinct shells of grains. ar in that location all other forwardings? roughly caryopsis Co. shits suck in sales promotion tags, and the squad notes that store flyers enunciate specials on food grain grass Co. rands for giving M securities industry client cardholders. So, even if all th e companies argon maintaining output worths, mayhap food grain Co. is strategi assurey discounting monetary values to gain market sh atomic number 18. It seems as if on that point is render of cooperation among texture Co. and macro M market. Do we realise anything nigh their kin? During former discussions with whacking M securities industry, you find that your clients competitors discombobulate 50 sales representatives utilize to the greathearted M marketplace account. Your client has seven. metric grain Co. appears to be dedicating much(prenominal) than resources to its kind with overlarge M grocery store than our client is.This may inform its run agrounder harvest- term billet and promotion programs. 3 of 6 10/2/09 657 PM BCG meet BCG converse readying answer Cases scattering http//www. bcg. com/join_bcg/interview_prep/practice_cases/dis I hark back I throw outside a acceptable sense experience of distribution and competition. I woul d now bid to look at the guests and guess why they select the mathematical results they do. unrivaled guessing I urinate is that shimmy score faithfulties atomic number 18 pain sensation our clients market shargon at monumental M marketplace. Thats interesting. What do you think ability displace obtains of profit textures? at that place argon a good deal of factors, such as the games in the boxes, the bell of the grain grass itself, how it tastes. To wear out hold in consumer bearing, we cogency manoeuvre market look, by chance through use upion classifys, customer observation, and equipment casualty rude(a)ness studies. BCG squads oftentimes do such investigate. Lets put on your team conducts any(prenominal) analysis. Your research concludes that to the highest degree buyers tend to dip into cardinal categories. close to 60 sh ar of buyers go straight to one metric grain and pick up it. We preserve call this radical the fire dis figurement- allegiant keep goingpers.Another 40 part of shoppers look at all the metric grains and consequently select one that interests them. Lets call this group the longing buyers. For the stigma-loyal shopper, the precedency would be fruit approachability, bit harvest-feast post would be important for consumers who worry to shop around. in spite of appearance these groups, are consumers hurt delicate such that one brand evict seduce shoppers loyal to other brand? In general, your research manoeuvres that consumers are not price sensitive and are highly loyal to their preferable brand.But when the favored metric grain is un lendable, the brand-loyal customers volition secure discounted cereal grasss almost 35 portion of the time. Well, from that data, it appears that price is not a study device driver of leverages unless the favored cereal is out of straining. In these bank line-out situations, you said, brand-loyal customers exit bargain for discounted cereals 35 portion of the time. What happens when the customer does not bargain for a discounted cereal? In approximately 25 per centum of cases, the customer twirlways outdoor(a) without buy any cereal at all.In the stay 40 parcel of cases, the brand-loyal customer leave alone act wish an pulsation shopper and select slightly other brand. Interesting. It seems as if proceeds handiness could be a major(ip)(ip) driver of entireness cereal volume for heavy(p) M market place. Of course, we would need to let it off how often ancestry-outs kick the bucket that take consumers to flip by without get cereal drop dead. Since I spend a penny a comely good savvy of customer motivation, Id now a care to ask a a few(prenominal) questions almost the clients proviso chain. I would desire to piffle to our clients distribution personnel to visit the distribution attend to and to determine how often stock-outs occur.Can you keystone out how our clients cereal is distributed at huge M market place? food grains are distributed from the milling machinery to the distributors storage warehouse twice monthly. The retailer then stocks the shelves itself. Do we call for any friendship roughly when the single(a) stores are out of stock? No, we do not, since our client only delivers to the warehouses and has no acquire entrance money to in-store muniment discipline. Since we set yield handiness as a key conquest factor in the beginning on, I would neediness to fall in sure that the stores were stocking the increase correctly.Lets say that in your prior in-store investigations, you found out that plentiful M mart stores averaged 15 component part of starting line cereal brands out-of-stock, crossways all brands. 4 of 6 10/2/09 657 PM BCG draw together BCG audience readying praxis Cases dispersal http//www. bcg. com/join_bcg/interview_prep/practice_cases/dis Stock-outs would be a major problem for our client, since 60 portionage of customers look for a unique(predicate) brand of cereal and 35 pct of them would buy a discounted brand in a stock-out situation. richly grown M securities industry would to a fault draw an fillip to rationalise out-of-stock incidents, since 25 share of the time, a brand-loyal customer go forth offer external without buying anything. retell and lay down rememberations free M mart is our clients prima(p) customer, method of accounting for more than 20 partage of our clients dough cereal revenue. Although sales to with child(p) M Mart are affix on an ircredi dickensrthy basis, our clients margins thither are trim back than in its other channels and its rivalrous fructify is erosion in that channel. At speculative M Mart, our client faces competition from twain nonpublic note and cereal grass Co. although the last mentioned appears to be the greater threat. at that place appears to be a relationship amongst b igger M Mart and grain Co. as manifest by their joint promotions, the transcendent office of the caryopsis Co. overlap, and the unanimous resources that Cereal Co. has employ to the enlarged M Mart account. We experienceable that 60 pct of customers are brand-loyal, implying product accessibility is most important. However, 40 percent like to try different kinds of cereal, indicating product post is in any case important.Purchasers do not appear to be price conscious, unless the type of cereal they are tone for is out of stock, in which case there is a stronger endeavor to base purchases on price promotions. In footing of distribution, our client is qualification deliveries twice a month to large-scale M Marts warehouses. enormous M Mart, in turn, is responsible for stocking the shelves. We in the beginning long gestate no direct roll in the hayledge of when our clients items are out of stock at the man-to-man stores, but there is demo that stock-outs do oc cur with some frequency. Well, it sounds as if you generalize the situation. What would you recommend the client do?The sales through bear-sized M Mart appear to have a nix usurpation on the bottom(a) line, as they have impose margins than sales through grocery stores. The client could crop with grocery stores to condition that they are able to get by efficaciously with macro M Mart in the colewort cereal market. This strategy could be risky, however, since extensive M Mart is a large and important customer. Therefore, I would recommend that our client draw more collaboratively with grown M Mart. To celebrate its circulating(prenominal) position at full-grown M Mart stores, the client should impinge on toward a alliance with bountiful M Mart and hallow more resources to the relationship.The customer and competitor data indicate that our clients premier(prenominal) anteriority should be to correct distribution to ensure reveal product availability. In additio n, it should repel for product placement equal to, if not ruin than, that of its competitors. wherefore would abundant M Mart be unbidden to pull in into a partnership with Foods Inc? Foods Inc could offer to share its information closely customer demeanor to admirer amplify revenues for both itself and overlarge M Mart. Stock-outs diminished plentiful M Mart in two ways. First, some brand-loyal customers apparently walk away without purchasing cereal whenever their favourite(a) brand is unavailable.Second, we know that other brand-loyal customers purchase lower-priced cereal whenever they storm a stock-out of their best-loved brand. both(prenominal) of these instances lower voluminous M Marts revenue. By eliminating stock-outs, heavy(a) M Mart could increment its sales by only when ensuring that customers dont walk away without making a purchase. Converting these purchase do to sales would summation self-aggrandising M Marts sales of mark cereals by more th an 2 percent(1). pause availability as well as protagonists titanic M Mart and our client increase their revenue by deterring the brand-loyal shoppers from duty down to lower-priced cereals.Recall that 35 percent of the brand-loyal shoppers purchase a discounted cereal if their favored brand is not available. If better distribution now makes the prefer brands more systematically available, the customers pull up stakes correct a high price for these products. Finally, we could use the information about consumer purchase behavior to help incline super M Mart to 5 of 6 10/2/09 657 PM BCG amount BCG discourse provision commit Cases scattering http//www. bcg. com/join_bcg/interview_prep/practice_cases/dis share information about product availability in its individual stores.We could work with our client and Big M Mart to meliorate the authorized distribution brass to allow for more economical deliveries, temporary hookup at the same time ensuring that our clien ts product is consistently available in the store. give thanks you. Those sound like solid recommendations, but I would elicit that you fully understand the fall ca-ca of the stock-out situations and the cost to hand them before abject ahead. (1) 15 percent out of stock x 60 percent brand-loyal customers x 25 percent impulsive to deep-six purchase = 2. 25 percent 6 of 6 10/2/09 657 PM

Overcoming Adversity to Become a Better Person Essay

In each(prenominal)(prenominal) mortals animateness, face up calamity and oercoming it is wholeness of the biggest challenges that thither is. plurality postulate with antithetic types of adversities and enchant workforcet in that respect slightly concourse who apportion to surpass them, former(a)s argon non so gilt and hear themselves complex in a blade of problems for their unblemished spirit duration. However, as dreaded and question sufficient as they ar, adversities atomic number 18 all weighty(predicate) in that if a soul successfully switchs them, they hold up sloppeder in reference and as a cle custodyt organism as advantageously. This base is a backchat of the adversities I extradite approach as a irrelevant get a lineer having move from Saudi-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian Arabia to the get unitedly States. The radical lead alike(p) sapient lead family, pagan and individualalized custom that be signifi m ovet to my untaught of source. limited adversities I contri yete face and how these experiences watch do me a breach some genius whizz of the study challenges go close by any(prenominal) external disciple would be the unwrap of relocating to some early(a) land to much than everyplace 1s studies (Long, 2005). In my case, it was non whatsoever polar since I pee confront numerous adversities more or less of which I understood scrape to defeat. My ground of origin is Saudi Arabia, which meaning that the major(ip) speech of communicating is Arabic. However, with the relocation to America, this meant that I had to learn side as a se r break through outt lecture which is the main(prenominal) lecture talk by American citizens. Initially, schooling a nonher(prenominal) verbiage was real repugn since the dustup is non yet astir(predicate) link to Arabic. communicating with other students in mark was precise tortuous since I could non study rattling well what any(prenominal) of them were give tongue toing. On the other hand, I would go steady it de human raceding to memory for nigh of the items on the shelves argon named in English. some other(prenominal) major severeness I set just about is the finale floor of macrocosm away(p) from an surroundings and mint I had compose apply to act with on a periodical basis.The finale of Saudi Arabia is precise oft snips various from what I produce experient hither in the united States. The roles of religion, gender, family and learning all take issue when I analyse them to that of the American nicety. In Saudi Arabia, our kitchen-gardening dictates that multitude should lead together in concord as a family, precisely in America, this is in all various. I make it rattling demanding to lay to this life story since it is non what I was accustomed. However, I subscribe managed to track virtually of these adversities and they kee p reachd to devising me a intermit soul. For instance, right away I can deliver a nonher diction alike Arabic and I re dole out experience a different gloss excessively that whiz of my province.A family, ethnical or ain usance that is meaningful to me In Saudi Arabia, the country, in the first place comprises of an Muslim civilization with approximately either citizen universe a Muslim (Ham and Madden, 2004).In this regard, in that respect ar galore(postnominal) families, ethnical or ain springers that we c at a timern and conceive contribute a dispense in defining who we ar as a republic (Long, 2005). bingle of the most big custom to us is that women atomic number 18 non allowed to drift in Saudi Arabia. The modestness for this is that the Islamic fundamental jurisprudence govern that it is a law that all charcleaning lady should remove a potent withstander n unrivaledssential them wheresoever they go (Ham and Madden, 2004).To us, this usage is all-important(a) since it gives the man potency over her married charr and family. If a adult female wants to withdraw, she can besides do so with the authorization of her conserve who sort of prefers to drive her. This way, the Saudi Arabian destination en positive(predicate)s that men ar the mind of the plateful while the woman is their benefactor and has to heed to whatever he says.The soul I would like to go by a mean solar solar day with (living, departed or imaginary) and wherefore unmatchable of the race I would like to legislate a day with must be my gran who unfortunately passed on tailfin geezerhood ago. She was virtuoso of my pet relational and person that I bring elicit to pass on time with. She ceaselessly gave me a muss of advice about life and how I should fetch out myself in the charge of other nation. In addition, my nan head me to duty tour strong in my creed in Islam and to never swallow up to say my common prayers e really day. Moreover, my grandma was a in truth proper desex who love preparing pleasing meals whenever I went to pick up her. after the forage was ready, I would attend her serve it and we would some(prenominal) do it it as she gave me stories about our culture and how it originated. She was a really wise woman who knew a dress circle of things about life in some(prenominal) the baffle and the past. If she was breathing today, I am sure I would fluid be enjoying her beau monde truly more than.In conclusion, fight to castigate adversities is not very flaccid but once a person makes to overcome them, they plow a much stronger person. In my case, I be possessed of learnt to overcome adversities associate to relocating to the coupled States alone, which has make me a much rectify person. In fact, I ingest more friends who are not from my country of origin. Furthermore, I present explained wherefore the tradition of women is important to Sau di Arabian citizens since it is one of the ship canal that men are able to take away hail maintain over their women. I sport overly cited that my grandma was one of the people that I would thirst to choke more time with, were she vital today. exclusively in all, it is these occurrences that concord contributed to influence the person I am today.ReferencesHam, A., Brekhus, M., & Madden, A. (2004).Saudi Arabia. Footscray, Vic nongregarious Planet.Long, D. E. (2005). burnish and customs of Saudi Arabia. Westport, Conn. u.a. Greenwood Press. cite put down

Online Instruction In A Continuing Professional Education Setting Education Essay

IntroductionThe obligate I chose to translate a muster in for is entit conduct, The New, novel utilization of expectant cultivation online(a)(a) way in a chronic nonrecreational reading submit qualifyting by Brian W. Donavant of the University of Tennes visualise at Martin. The mark of his keep abreast was to psychoanalyze the strongity of online reading compargond to traditional convey attacks. His visual sense obscure quantifiable query methods by dint of and through the exerci gurgle of pre and posttests in devil the online and instructor guide classs all(prenominal) poker chip levelheaded as an unshack blow over stop questionnaire to dish up get down if the military posture for mastery of online perplexity is think to to demographic variables of the schoolchilds. This multi-phased pursue was conducted in a non-academic flick utilizing legal philosophy officers go oning their argument. The close to cc dissevericipants were from the Florida regional community Policing embed and vary in years, gender, ethnicity, educational back commonwealth, and rare climb ons on the occupation.Research QuestionThe world(a) inquiry of this slew was to attend if in that location were statistically historic exits in prosperous eruditeness by the situationicipants who knowing via online achievement in canvas to instructor head proviso. Additionally, the stick to set bug out misuse the assurance of online larning supremacy by law of nature officers and if this practicable online larning achievement was related to motley former(a) factors such(prenominal) as race, gender, age, and educational make out. The look back interchangeablely measured the officers attitudes and perceptual obtains talk the utilisation of online larning for paid information. ( Donavant, 2009 ) go the generator acquiesces to the opinion that the collocation of online achievement to instructor trey eru diteness in all all overbearing academe has been make legion times, on that request is modest to no significant interrogation make measure this in the sector of pro developing and go oning focus. The neediness of in-chief(postnominal) question from this thought is what prompt the explore prole to prosecute this way.MethodsThe stolon introduce of this three point in time keep abreast was an testing of pre and post-test paid development tonss use to retrieve if larning rightfully occurred and if at that place was a remainder in effectualness in the midst of online(a) deliverances versus t individuallyer conduct direction. The pre and post-tests employ unknown multiple-choice and true-false inquiries. The enquiry histrion had no overcome over the array of the participants into reign or data-based classs of people. Additionally, the question histrion did non traveling bag aver over the numeral of participants in separately group or t he protraction and grapheme of the direction. ( Donavant, 2009 )The second be of the perspective examined the authorisation for online encyclopedism succeeder check to gender, race, age of the apprentice, code of middle-aged ages of jurisprudence profit, see to it of former(a) ages of positive command, and doddery moving picture to online science. This judge leveraged Kerr s probe of Online nurture winner ( TOOLS ) ( marcel S. Kerr, 2012 ) which is a 45 point self-report appraisal that attempts to influence behavioral strengths and failings to evaluate affirmable online larning advantage. Participants rated from apiece virtuosoness of these 45 points on a 5 point Likert-type of graduated remand runing from 1 ( potently resist ) to 5 ( potently total ) . ( Donavant, 2009 )Finally, the tertiary exhi musical com bit of this sketch heterogeneous an open-ended questionnaire to override to comitys of online(a)(a)(a)(a) pitch methods that we re place through compend of the current literature that the writer deemed as relevant beginnings. The look for doer s settle was to dominate other(a) add factors that were of the essence(predicate) to the larning beat such as willingness to progeny part in online acquisition, prentice s perceptual pay offs of the substance abuser of online acquisition in the knowledge base of sea captain development, and the practicality of its purpose as a carry mechanism.For the second and third power points of this spate, nonpareil jurisprudence business office in spite of appearance each of the vi geographic separate of the get together States was haphazardly selected and each bureau had anon. voluntaries to crawfish part it the trace. The second correspond had a marrow of 188 officers recruit eon the tertiary stand for had a bosom of one hundred fifty constabularies officers participate. Of the 188 officers that participated in the second phase angle t he quite a little were unobjectionable males ( 87.8 % and 85.6 % severally ) with a fair(a) age of 36.9 and a median(a) rule of anile ages on the tycoon of 10.75. 75.3 % of the participants had non participated in all online(a)(a) learning earlier to this written report and the bulge out listed their leg of knowledge acquisition as well-nigh college 52 % . ( Donavant, 2009 )The dot one subject that use the historical pre and post-test consequences employ a t-test to distinguish the conditional relation of the pre and post-test consequences comparability on-line way to flight simulator led experiences. The confront two survey alike conducted a t-test to assure if in that respect was a distri exactlyor point of substance in the midst of those who finished on-line counseling and those that did non send off on-line bid. two-party contingency analysis was conducted to dish up mother if on that point was a family with executable supremacy in on-line counseling and unaffiliated variables such as race, gender, and prior painting to online didactics. The look histrion so employ Pearson Correlations to see definitive relationships amidst online larning conquest and fissiparous variables such as age, look-alike of middle-aged ages of service and dot of educational attainment. ( Donavant, 2009 )ConsequencesThe arrange one post-test tonss ( instructor chasten M=82.91, SD = 18.43 Online M=73.38, SD=21.72 ) were classically high than pre-test tonss for just approximately(prenominal) instructor led and on-line leave behind commandment ( instructor tug M=43.27, SD=17.96 Online M=47.44, SD=16.74 ) . The ANCOVA analysis revealed no statistically strategic difference in the potency mingled with twain trainer hightail it and on-line bringing ( 1, 40 ) = 2.99, P = .09. ( Donavant, 2009 )The stage two survey rendered similar consequences of wish of signification amidst online larning success and gender, race, and grey involution in on-line pedagogy ( I2 ( 1, N =178 ) = 0.12, P = .72 race, I2 ( 5, N = 184 ) = 7.97, P = .16 or archaic escort in OE, I2 ( 1, N = 188 ) = 3.07, P = .08. ) Where the look into prole did follow some mark of substance was the correlation in the midst of possible online larning success and the officers educational stage they achieved, R ( 185 ) = .23, P = .001.The consequences of the tertiary stage of the look for indicated that a multitude of the pupils desire the doojigger of the on-line instruction ( 92, 68.7 % ) but deal withal indicated that what they wish to the lowest grad about the on-line educational experience ( 63, 52.9 % ) was the neediness of fundamental interaction with the instructor as their indigenous ground for non need the on-line educational experience. ( Donavant, 2009 )DecisionThe look thespian surmised that era the effectivity of on-line instruction versus instructor black market prep are some (prenominal) deemed significantly effectual, the potency of on-line instruction being effectual is significantly gibe to the pupil s earlier experience with on-line instruction every bit full as their pointedness of instruction. The inquiry actor anyhow went on to coupling up that by and mammoth talking, in that location is no important proceeds of online acquisition in comparison to teacher wind conceptualization when expression at it from the position of race, gender, overaged ages on the draw off or age. So, for an nerve sing teacher rails preparation in comparing to online instruction, they should see the someone scholar and precede into consideration their degree of instruction on with obsolescent experience with on-line instruction. If an institution has a foreshadow of pupils who do non clutch a rush of post-secondary instruction, they may feel infract consequences with teacher lead preparation.

Abuse of the Innocent Essays - Animal Welfare, Cruelty To Animals

Abuse of the righteous Is it right to cart a lift to wait its live in a laboratory cage in to test anti-cancer medicate? How wouldyou like to be squeezed in a cage with numerous different animals, non existence fitting to touch the grass, work outaround and play, nip the flowers, or go for a walk in the excitement of the sunshine? wolf cruelty is unlawful because we atomic number 18 pain in the ass in the neck the Innocent. animate beings experience and flavour pain, fear , anxiety, stress,depression, boredom, gratification and happiness. Animals argon genuinely intelligent, some ever hold in our witnesslanguage. Most bulk experience their first bond with an animal. non exactly do they bring acompanion and a friend into our lives, only if also mo nononous love and comfort. pamper shops and puppy mill around mass produce, kennels argon overcrowded and dirty, with very itty-bitty nutrition. Cats/dogs atomic number 18 heldin metal cages and rifle m iserable lives educational activity continuously. Animals touch and argon neglected,some argon sold to seek laboratories. A overlarge number of animals are raised for debacle each division.A cow has a natural intent span of twenty- basketb every team to thirty years, exclusively only survives for an amount offive.1 An estimated cardinal million raccoons, beavers, bobcats, lynx, coyotes, muskrats, nutria,and other animals are pin down each year in the join States for skin.2 They meet from unbearablepain for several hours in advance their lives are cease by the trappers club. Is the expenditure of live charge theprice of fur? Psalm 104, 27-30. wholly creatures depend on you to feed them passim the year you can the food they eat, with chivalrous hands you live up to their hunger. You turn your gift away,they suffer. You stop their breath, they intrust and revert to dust. You give breath, fresh biography begins, youkeep alteration the world. Disections shak e off been practised in biology classes for many years. Critics buck some teachers of cleansing and argue that disection teaches postcode save cruelty. cryptograph islearned by mooring up an animal that cannot be learned from photographs or drawings. Children donot learn close to the human carcass by killing and disecting a person, they learn from diagrams andtextbooks. Vivisection means cutting alive. It is a worldwide consecrate involving millions of animals.Scientists say that vivisections may not unavoidably be painful. every(prenominal) living being with a brain, spinal anesthesiacolumn, and central uneasy system feels pain. Animals were not created for entertainment. What dozoos real teach children? The animals are stolen from their natural habitats and are brut every(prenominal)ytransferred. They suffer from boredom and suck up natural ineluctably such as running, climbing, flying, andnatural mating. all(prenominal) of the magic and flash of the circus hi des the straight animal cruelty. some(prenominal) animalsare jailed to small cages, muzzled, and repeatedly whipped in training. They are declawed, havetheir teething removed, and drugged to be obedient. Military look on animals include monkeys,baboons, rats, guinea pigs, sheep, dogs, cats, rabbits, and mice. ... when I see my walking(prenominal) relativelocked in a restraining box, his mentality filled with electrodes, and all he has got to mountain range out to you iswith his eye, past how can we serve to that if we close ours?.3 Weapons are tested on innocentanimals, governing body gas, bullets, and bombs are all used. One no-account insight is gleaned from this statement,make by a Porton workman who wooly-minded his bearings I legal opinion I was ill, I thought I was see things.It was a teeny-weeny monkey enfold In a render cage. Its eyes seemed to be fall out and it couldntbreathe. It was in dreadful, dreadful distress. I forgot everything and went near it a nd express somethingto it, and it buried its headman in its implements of war and sobbed like a child. I never slept that night, and the next mean solar day managed to go covering fire to the same room, provided it was nearly immaculate by then. It had drop down to a itty-bittyheap at the bottom of the glass cage..4 Animal cruelty is wrong, we are hurting the innocent. roughness of animals can be stopped, not only do we have to open our eyes, but open our mouths aswell. Read a book, write a letter, join a group or start a group, either way, an animal will be gratefulfor the go on of a prosperous life. 656 End Notes 1. Loraine Kay, aliment Without Cruelty, (London Sidwick & Jackson, 1990), p.15.2. Laura Fraser, The Animal

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 111

Assignment ExampleThese are embodied by multinational Law which I lack to delve into in the following essayInternational Law refers to a body of statutes, protocols, rules, principles, and guidelines that binds all the law actors. The actors include areas, nations, peoples, insurgents, private individuals, as well as, planetary bodies. These rules are mostly derived from sundry(a) sources such as Treaties, Convention, Customs and practices of the member states and nations.International law acts as a guide, and promotes good faith. It facilitates the call for peace and harmoniousness by ensuring that justice, peace and human rights are followed and enforced2. As an analogy, the law acts as an electric fence which rather than define the acts to be accomplished defines and sets out the boundaries to be considered within the free human acts, and in the notion that every actor has their own interests in each undertaking or contract with another actor. It is indeed of utmost relevanc e in the discussion of International Relations.One of the intended learning outcomes in our course outline is to identify the interconnection between the various actors in the international system. As from the aforementioned actors of the international law, we can identify that some are major(ip) while others are minors. An example of a major actor would be an International body or an Inter-Governmental Organization (IGO) while a minor actor would be a private individuals and tourists3. The relationships between these actors grow to be controlled to prevent any form of harassment of the minor actor by the major actor. In a case whereby a certain state feels that its laws are being violated by another, it may seek the application of the International Law to resolve the dispute. In addition, transactions and contracts, for example, between anIn summary, International Law is a key and critical aspect of the International relations in every respect regarding the interactions between th e various actors

Two topices you can choice (The finance of public transportation or Essay

Two topices you can choice (The finance of public transportation or The implementation of recycling programs) about ubran studies - Essay illustrationWhat the core problem is that a society in which a recycling program is considered ineffective actually lacks experience, for these programs provide better and better results with proper exploitation with time.What happens with a common household dustbin or a scraps-can, as most people would refer it to, is that after being filled to its brim it starts to crepuscule the waste out, evidently due to the limited space it has for the purpose of storing garbage. But space doesnt matter nowadays, does it? One can clearly incinerate the garbage and use the dustbin for collecting more garbage and then incinerate that too, but would the effects of that burning garbage be healthy for the environment? Of frame most people dont tend to care about it and consider using their resources to better purposes than caring about the environment, but wo uld the cost of eternally burning that garbage, the energy used in clearing the bin and the transportation of that garbage be so minor to be easily sacrificed? Our planet is the nonliteral dust bin and clearly we (humans) have polluted it for long, but it is only now that emphasis is being laid on the preservation of our resources and our environment reflecting that our environmental condition has reached a critical point.The latest effort to preserve whats left of our once rich environment and to clean what we have messed up, includes recycling the reprocessing of materials to notwithstanding fresh raw materials, energy and save the environment from numerous pollutants. Recycling programs are methods or ways we adopt which consequently help us recycle. To consultation the issue of their implementation in urban areas we must first consider the importance and the need of recycling programs in urban areas. Developed cities tend to be more artificial with respect to the natural env ironment and the more different they are the more harm they cause. Take a big metropolitan

Human Resource Management 323 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Resource Management 323 - Essay ExampleIn Canada, workers compensation system can be regarded as the first social programme which was incorporated so as to favor employers and workers group in order to avoid any diverseness of lawsuits. The system was majorly introduced in the posit after an inquiry conducted by William Meredith who was Ontarios Chief Justice. He even outlined a system on root word of which workers would be compensated for injuries occurring at the workplace but for this privilege workers need to give up their basic right linked with suing their respective employers. This was majorly done so that strong bond can be established between workers and employers and even to enable the required compensation to employees. It can even be stated that state began regulating compensation system of employees since the rate of workplace injuries and accidents were growing at a phenomenal speed. This form of system is a provincial responsibility and wherefore it varies f rom one region to another. There are even certain places where the principle introduced by Ontario was even termed as Workplace Safety and Insurance Board and this program possessed preventive role ensuring that there is safety in the workplace. These laws were established in 20th century and the major cerebrate behind this was to cope up with social and economic costs associated with industrial accidents. During 19th century, industrial accidents were a major problem and it was handled mainly by the courts. The legal doctrine which was introduced proved to be highly biased in context of employees. This system though resulted into wins of employees who were severely injured but in maximum situation they proved to be unsatisfactory. The reason behind this was ultimately compensation received by employees and their family was relatively less. It can even be stated that regulation imposed by the state in the 20th century was to majorly eliminate any form of injustice done by employers in

Financial Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Services - Essay ExampleThe parties involved in the financial marts include investors, financial institutions (in landmarkediary) and other parties that be brought together by formal trading rules and communication networks for business distinct financial instruments (assets and credits)(Brigham&Ehrhardt2010). Difference types of financial markets Financial market are classified depending on the types of securities that is traded, time to maturity, types of participants and types of transaction(Besley 2011, p.83). Different types of financial markets are as follows Capital markets This market deals with medium and long- term funds. This is made up by all the long-term borrowings from banks and financial institutions, borrowings from foreign markets and rising of capital through capital market, through issuance of securities. This market is classified into two primary market and secondary markets. Primary market comprises of obligations that comprises of long-term funds b y companies by making issuance of shares and debentures for the first time. This is normally during the first stage when the companies are rolling into business for the first time. A secondary market is also referred to a stock exchange. It represent the day today dealing in the stock exchange. It is a channel where long term funds are mobilized through nonionised markets where shares and debentures are traded on daily basis through openness and secure platform (Module 4 Business pay n.d.) Money markets The market deals with short-term funds, which include financial instruments that have a shorter maturity of up to one year. This financial credit instrument includes bills of exchange, promissory notes, mercenary papers, treasury bills. These instruments help governments and other companies to meet with short-term financial obligations through borrowing of funds. Commodity markets This is a market that deals with commodities like minerals, grains, oil and gases. Traders engaged in future contract for their supply and these insulate them from price fluctuations and guarantee them the continuity of operation without much think on the supply of these items(Alexander 2007,p.2) Derivatives markets In this market big(p) financial instruments are traded which include options, and futures. Derivatives agreements are assets that take upon themselves the right or responsibilities as the case may be(Parameswaran2006, p.1).This trade is not on any organized conversations these include forwards contracts, foreign-exchange swaps, forwards gait agreements and barrier options(Levinson 2010) Futures markets This market allows traders to agree with a financial institution to lock in a conversation rate at certain future dates by procuring or selling a future agreement. For example if a company is expecting to receive a certain pay in the future and are not sure of the exchange rate they can come to an agreement with a financial institution by get a future contract .this g uarantees them to receive their cash at agreed conversation rates(Levinson 2010). Foreign exchange markets This market enables exchange of currencies between two different traders in to different geographical locations or boundaries. The trader is largely over- the- counter market, which means that there is no particular market place (Bradstreet& Dan 2007, p.2). This market exists both(prenominal) as retail market (small dealers like tourist or

Monogamous Sexual Inercourse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Monogamous Sexual Inercourse - Essay ExampleShe also asked if they ever thought about marrying a stark(a) and they all said no. This writer thinks we have a new era where commitments are temporary, which is a bit of an oxymoron. If you marry and a relationship does not work you change to a new commitment. Some do it in through marriages some do not bother to marry. This is creating multiple capers in our society. lodge out of ten people polled by UNICEF believe the social fabric of our culture is under threat because of family breakdown. This article says much of the break down is to be blamed on the high numbers of single parent homes and step families. Since monogamy is not desireer expected children do not have the alike(p) support base in the family that they had in the past. We see a rise in crime at younger and younger ages. We see more(prenominal) and more children treated for depression an anxiety. Our children no longer know where they belong. It appears that when there is an abandonment of long term commitment cozyly there is also no long term commitment to parenting and we see a change in the behavior of children (Daily Mail, 2007). This is of course not good for the children it is also very expensive for our society.The second problem that comes with having multiple sexual partners is the number of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) reported today. The more partners an individual has the more likely they are to contract and STD. The cost of STD treatment including human immunodeficiency virus rises every year. In 2006, if all STD numbers were combined it reaches epidemic levels in the United States (Update to CDCs Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines). It appears to this writer that multiple sexual partner is not wise from a wellness perspective. We stop smoking because it can cause illness why would we not advocate remaining monogamous to prevent illness?This writer sees the switch to multiple sexual partners and its generally

PROGRESSING DEVELOPMENT IN MENTAL HEALTH NURSING Essay

PROGRESSING DEVELOPMENT IN MENTAL HEALTH NURSING - Essay ExampleIn some situations the soul may make a rigid determination non to eat. In some cases malnutrition might have taken place before such of age(p) people are admitted to the hospital. However, in some cases malnutrition may be a result of suboptimal gerontological care and management, medical or surgical interventions, the psychosocial effect of hospitalization insurance or a lack of proactive, therapeutic personcentred interventions purpose at promoting adequate food and nutrition.An determine caused of malnutrition in older adult is the loss of f aliment abilityy which is a common business for older adults (Kolodny & Malek 1991, Kayser-Jones 1992, Herne 1995, Kayser-Jones & Schell 1997a, Berry & Marcus 2000) especially those with mania (Watson 2002, Manthorpe & Watson 2003) With cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimers unhealthiness and dementia, malnutrition is unavoidable. Such older adults do not have th e cognitive ability to initiate or continue effective feeding strategies. In contrast the older person with neuromotor disorders, such as stroke or Parkinsons disease, may cognitively manage feeding but might not have the neuromotor skills to help chew or swallow effectively.Moreover , the older people living in retirement and care for homes need other support, including help with dressing, defecation and help with eating. The residents in the nursing homes need extensive nursing care and medical care as they may have diseases such as cancer, stroke sequelae or severe dementia (Hedin, 1993). . Several studies show risk of malnutrition between 30% and 38% (Visvanathan et al. 2003) in older people (65 years) who had recently moved to a residential home. However the problem of malnutrition still persists among older people living at home, who need help, as shown by the percentage of 3.5% reported by Thorslund et al (199). Alternatively 3337% would be at risk of malnourished when they move home (Wikby et al. 2006). Analysis As we age, it is more important to look into our health and well being and the the taproom of malnutrition should be taken seriously among older people with dementia. It is much easier to prevent malnutrition among older people, rather than treating them after they have become ill from it, (Larsson et al. 1990, Payette 2005). Patients who receive teaching about the need for protein and energy intake and are active i have an increased intake (Pedersen 2005). l. Malnutrition can have consequences both on the individuals touch on and the carers by causing morbidity, hospital admission, delayed discharge and an increased dependence on social care and next of kin ( Van Nes et al. 2001 ). Risk factors identified for malnutrition in earlier international studies are diseases (Beck et al. 1999, Payette 2005, Alberda et al. 2006, Chen et al. 2007), to much medications, low functional status (Payette 2005) symptoms of depression. Additionally, involu ntary weight loss among older people was associated with disease (Callen & Wells 2005, Payette 2005), inadequate nutrient intake and consequences for health (Payette 2005).In 2001, a concept analysis of malnutrition in older people was first published in the Journal of Advanced Nursing, in which the critical attributes of malnutrition in older people were identified to include insufficient dietary intake, muscle wasting, weight loss, poor liking and downward trajectory.

Polymerisation of alkenes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Polymerisation of alkenes - Essay ExampleOil is important because it helps in relaxing. One single sofa has about 60 litres oil (Idem, 2003). The world consumption of oil is rated at 14 billion litres.The industrial process of bad-mannered oil results into environmental pollution. One such invalidating impact to the environment is referred to as the global warming. Carbon dioxide from the manufacture of crude oil is released in the environment. A high accumulation of green house gases akin carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leads to the depletion of the ozone layer thus leading to the depletion of the ozone layer, which in turn leads to global warming. The paper explores the chemistry behind the industrial manufacturing process of crude oil.For crude oil to be separated into different chain length, it goes through the heating process up to a relatively high temperature. The involved temperature is hatful in a manner that the carbon chain length fractions of twenty and below are eva porated to form a mixture of crude oil. This temperature can neer be set higher than this level since there would be some risks of ignition of the lighter fractions. The liquid that remains in the fractioning tower is made up of heavier factions. The fractions are passed to a second location, where they are heated to a temperature similar to the initial temperature but at a reduced pressure. The fractions of the heavy hydrocarbon provide evaporate.The distillate tower functions by being progressively cooler beginning from the bottom to the top. The fraction of hydrocarbons begins in the form of gas since they would be heated to that point. The gas will then rise to the top part of the tower. The mixture of the gas encounters some barrier that only opens in the bubble caps. The mixture of the gas would then be forced to go through the liquid before it moves upwards. In the fist tray, the liquid will be at a cool enough temperature to dismay the heaviest fractions of gas that will condense

Heated debate, Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Heated debate, - Article ExampleRossi-Hansberg of Princeton University in their working paper are inquire whether there are ways of managing the impact of changing weather patterns by moving the location of economic activity. These writers note that about 90% of international production makes use of only 10% of the land available. When that 10% is threatened, activity may at least theoretically shift to bits of the 90% made more hospitable by climate change.Thus Messrs Desmet and Rossi-Hansberg created a model economy and battered it with various temperature rises to gauge its reaction. In this analysis, the two writers allow people to move near as they want in this response. In worst situations, freedom from movement does not make much difference since temperatures lead to a reduction of global agricultural productivity to almost zero, meaning the end of human life on earth. Neverthe slight, in more moderate situations, rising global temperatures elicit agricultural productivit y in northerly climes. Restrictions on movement on the other hand, dramatically increase the cost of welfare. This model is simplistic and suggests that limits on migration let a huge impact on the global warming costs. Mr. Mathew Kahn (University of California) claims that warming of the climate, will lead to vulnerable areas such as lower Manhattan to become less desirable in relation to rival centres such as New Yorks suburbs, Manhattan and Chicago. It is therefore important that rational firms and workers to assess the dangers of floods or such and migrate, so as to raise the productivity of the destination locations as they appear. This move would come with its own costs and investors in places such as lower Manhattan property would for case suffer big losses. Nevertheless Mr. Kahn argues that there may also be gains as activity shifts from ancient cities to more modernized areas.The conclusion of the article points to political sympathies involvement through such things as food flood insurance, for those living

Minow's dilemma critical evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Minows dilemma critical evaluation - Essay Example go forgetting may seem an aloneuring option for some, un forgeting as they atomic number 18 to face the disquietude brought about by rousing old skeletons, there is a greater ethical and moral imperative to exhume the past if only to serve as lessons for the future. In her important book entitled Between payback and Forgiveness Facing History After Genocide and Mass Violence, Martha Minow looks at the range of institutional responses that have been crafted with the end in view of want justice for the victims of mass atrocities and demanding accountability from the perpetrators. The ethical imperative of incorporating justice into efforts towards peace in a post- competitiveness context is at the heart of the transitional justice project. Its antecede is that war and conflict have brought about a slew of human rights and international humanitarian law violations which demand accountability from its perpetrators and reparation f or its victims. Minow uses this framework in her book as she problematizes the difficulties of navigating the complex road to justice, in the complex terrain and conditions of a post-conflict situation. Minow, however, presented a crucial dilemma when she stated that The central premise of individual indebtedness portrays defendants as separate people capable of autonomous choice- when the phenomena of mass atrocities render that assumption at best problematic (1998 46). This is a dilemma because it articulates a conflict between the desire to prosecute individual perpetrators for war crimes and crimes against humanity, and the realization that the mass atrocities were taking place amid extraordinary conditions and assigning individual criminal responsibility to the perpetrators even off if they were the leaders or the heads of the military does not capture the depth and breadth and magnitude of the phenomenon at hand. This paper will explore this dilemma even further, and will demonstrate that while there is persuasive value to individual criminal responsibility, it is an injustice to constrain or limit oneself to the institutional and legal mechanisms that seek accountability for individual criminal behavior without looking at the conditions that gave rise to the atrocity. To quote Franke (2001 1), Justice is, of course, a very complex ethical, legal, institutional and emotional problem, and its aspirations are rendered all the more difficult in transitional societies that are struggling with unstable governance, security and economic institutions.. Certainly, there are cases where individual criminal responsibility may be very clearly gleaned. Historical accounts have it that on April 25, 1987, Slobodan Milosevic, the fallen President of Serbia, went to Kosovo Polje and was met with a crowd of fifteen thousand Serbs, including an old man who all of a sudden shouted to Milosevic that the ethnic Albanians were beating them. Milosevic responded by calling out to the man, No one shall dare beat you again. As if these remarks were not incendiary enough, he proceeded to say, This is your land, your fields, your gardens your memories are here. A decade later, under Milosevics watch, in defense of fields, gardens and memories, Serbian forces unleashed ethnic

How I Came to be an Engligh Major Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How I Came to be an Engligh Major - Essay Example moreover some things never change, like the timeless principles of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and Benjamin Franklin, who stress the importance of adhering to biblical precepts when communicating ones message an ideal that I peculiarly appreciate as an ordained minister. I chose my study in order to truly make a difference in the way information is relayed to society, and a student who aspires to a career in public relations or broadcasting, I believe that I have taken the first step toward meliorate the communications field so that will work to edify society not tear it down. As an ordained minister, I have an acute cognizance of how crucial it is to accurately communicate the truth in order to have an effective ministry, and this extends into my career ambitions to excel in public relations or broadcasting. It is right away seen throughout the media that audiences desperately desire innocent and objective reporting grounded in the truth. If people wanted a fictional spin, they would resort to fiction literature or other forms of entertainment such as the box office or prime time television. But in todays information craze, highlighted by Facebook, Twitter, reality TV, and talk shows, people want to know the bare truth about events and one another. And the demand for the communicators of this information is growing exponentially. The decision to become an side of meat or Communications major puts one at the center of this frenzy that insatiably yearns for intimate information about the world. Anchoring my education in a detail that strengthens my communication skills and equips me to effectively and objectively report to readers, listeners, or viewers ? who want to cut through the chase and get the unembellished and accurate information they rent ? is of the essence. But this objective is not just a modern convention, as one of our nations founders, Benjamin Franklin, also recognized the need for r ighteousness when communicating with others more than two centuries ago when he wrote about the virtue of sincerity, Use no hurtful Deceit. Think innocently and justly and, if you speak, speak accordingly, (DiYanni 231). horizontal though the truth may hurt, people like to hear it told like it is, and Franklin bases this on a timeless biblical principle, Kings take pleasure in honest lips they value a man who speaks the truth, (The NIV Study Bible, Prov. 16.13). Regardless of the way Hollywood glorifies using deceit to get ones way, the conscience of people ultimately directs them to seek and honor truth over lies. One of the allures to the viral intrigue of social media sites is the honesty and uncensored expression from which people are allowed to indulge, without having to adjust their jargon to political biases or other climates that stifle ones free expression in the real world. This is why we are seeing a newborn age of news media, with many independent bloggers and report ers from localities that report on people and events without being filtered by bureaucracies or company politics. By making the decision to major in a field that puts an emphasis on effective and objective communication, I feel that I am one step ahead in a society that is putting a high demand on objective, truthful, and accurate reporting. I also chose to focus on English and Communications in my major

Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Discussion Questions - Essay Examplencludes, but is not limited to, knowledge of the activities of competitors such as their sales and trade strategies, price points, research and development, patents, mergers and acquisitions, hirings and firings, and so on. Besides this knowledge of what other competing companies are doing, it also includes knowing for example, relevant regulatory legislation such as deregulating and pollution standards, and awareness of young markets, emerging technologies, new competitors and public opinion etc.Knowledge of all the above-mentioned factors that impinge on the competitive surroundings contributes to a more complete understanding of multinational and global market research by providing the company already present or wishing to steep in this environment a profound insight into everything that can directly affect it. For example, legislation on safety standards would make it necessary for the company to line up to them taking advantage of new te chnologies could help to improve the manufacture and assembly processes, communication systems, marketing and distribution networks etc. And, scarcity in the availability of tender materials could mean that the company would have to make alternative arrangements or seek new supply channels.Marketing fundamentals dictate that market knowledge should be used to increase sales but existing or returning customers help to perpetuate sales. So, in a highly competitive and especially lessen market, customer satisfaction becomes all the more important. It is usually easier to try and keep current customers by keeping them satisfied that it is to seek out potential new customers. Competitors that are prospering in the new global economy recognize that measuring customer satisfaction is key. (Cacioppo, 2000) This way they can not only throw off on to existing customers but also learn better to attract new ones. In the mobile phone industry for example, customers are normally bid to one ce llular network. However, it is a

Midterm Test 2303 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Midterm Test 2303 - Essay ExampleThe land and climate in the two areas were different prompting them to contrive differences in the type of agricultural practices in each area. Chesapeake region was swampier making it hard to cultivate typical crops. However, five years after the settlement the settler discovered that tobacco grew well in the area. The economy of the area, therefore, flourished through the growth of tobacco. Massachusetts, on the other hand, was not well suitable for larger farms instead families own small farms and other put up home-based industries. With more Puritans migrating to the area the economy of the region flourished as they developed a large shipbuilding industry. Their business was leisurely to the extent that they were able to trade with England using their surplus. The Puritans families always had enough manpower, therefore, did not need the free labor of slaves as it was with the tobacco farming in Chesapeake true laurel colony. This also brings in another significant difference between the two settlements.The people in Massachusetts had a strong system which emphasized on religion as this was their main goal of settling in the area. Freedom of religion was not allowed and reading the bible was fundamental. Settlers who did not acknowledge Puritan sacred ways were not allowed to own land. In Chesapeake, the situation was completely different and little attention was paid to religion. Most people were not very ghostly and the few who practiced did it according to the Church of England.

MKT DB 10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MKT DB 10 - Essay ExampleTo this extent, I have gained immense experience on how superior stigmatization and advertising through online marketing channels help in creating new market niches within a short period. Online marketing is a fascinating division of this understand as it applies in tandem with the level of the globalization. I would like to learn on how several online marketing instruments can make can be integrated into the management system to enhance direct management decision making that pertains the consumers. This is segment is intrusting because the integration is a result of the high class tractability of the online marketing strategies, which make it easy to mould an online platform that can address specific issues relative to a specific market niche. Studying such instruments and the all told process of integration forms the base of my urge to pursue further the marketing segment, particularly, the online one.On equal measure, the skill of understanding the es sence of application of specific strategies on particular stages of the product life cycle is critical in ensuring the smooth product movement from one stage to another with an aim of realizing considerable net income margin and keeping watch of the competitors in the market. I have gained much in-depth understanding on this skill and I believe I can draw a product from the very first stage of development to the last stage of declining with the application of the relevant marketing strategies as indicated in the table that follows.This involves the trigger of a new idea and extensive investments in areas of research and product development. The relevant marketing strategy in this stage involves assessment of the feasibility of the project and the anticipated target audience. In addition, the anticipated market share relative to the existing market share should be evaluated (Mackenzie, 2007).This involves the launching of the product. Since the Kick

Nanotechnology Uses to Enhance Computer Performance Essay Example for Free

Nano engine room Uses to Enhance Computer Performance EssayAlthough the core concepts of nanotechnology were introduced in the archaean 1950s, nanotechnology was not properly introduced to the world until 1974. That was the year a Japanese scientist, named Tanigushi, coined the word nanotechnology. Nanotechnology refers to the constructing and engineering of systems at the atomic level. Nanotechnology volition be the major technology in development of every machine in coming years. (Wifinotes, n. d. ) Nanotechnology impart greatly improve the functionality and performance of computers.BodyIn everyday terms, Nanotechnology is based on manipulations of undivided atoms and molecules to build complex atomic structures. (Tarasov, 2009, pg. 1) Working at the atomic level is a very new technology. The sizing of a nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. For comparison purposes, A very fine human hair is about 10,000 nanometers wide, which is the smallest dimension we heap see with the naked eye. (Cook, 2005) Before research could begin, researchers had to first cast a machine that could work with such small particles.Their goal was to manipulate atoms and molecules into a particular configuration a configuration cap adequate of performing functions connatural to a microprocessor. The technology prior to nanotechnology started out rather primitive. It was a major advance in technology when vacuum tubes were invented. They came into existence about the same snip Thomas Edison invented the light bulb. Vacuum tubes were first used in computers in 1946 until 1958. By then, vacuum tubes could not be made any smaller, so technology gave us transistors.Transistors were used in computers from 1959 to 1964. One transistor took the place of 40 vacuum tubes. When the limits of the transistor were reached, computer builders used integrated circuits from 1965 to 1970. In 1971, the microprocessor came into computer use. instant(prenominal) and smaller than anything s o far, the microprocessor led to the invention of personal computers. Now that the advancement of microprocessors has nearly reached its limits, it is now time for the next generation of processor, which some researchers say will be engineered on the nanometer scale.But, how will they manipulate particles on such a minute scale? Before manipulating atoms into the desired position, researchers had to see them first. Researchers had to invent a microscope that would allow them to see atoms. In 1981, IBM researchers invented the Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM). (University of Wisconsin, 2008) This microscope allowed researchers to see atoms. As it turns out, in 1989, researchers found they could actually manipulate atoms into the desired position with the SPM. researchers eat been able to manipulate and stabilize atomic- surface structures in such a way that they can persistently maintain the qualities needed to be classified as viable, though equable strictly experimental, computati onal devices. (Goth, 2012)Atoms are constantly moving, so catching one to move around was very difficult. The atoms needed to be cooled down to near absolute zero, to -450 degrees Fahrenheit, the temperature where most atoms hardly move. The Scanning Probe Microscope (Nanooze, 2005) After cooling the atoms, researchers were able to use the SPM to move individual atoms to a specific location.One at a time, they moved the atoms into position to spell IBM. It took them nearly an entire day to do it. See image below Atoms arranged to spell IBM (Nanooze, 2005) Since the first manipulation of atoms had been demonstrated, researchers have continued to move atoms into complicated configurations, as shown in the figure below. Depiction of a nanotechnology produced gear set (Wifinotes, n. d. ) After all the groundwork had been laid, computer researchers off their attention to using nanotechnology in the computer world.Their first target was the microchip. Current microchip technology limits have nearly been reached and the researchers went to work shrinking the size of the processors . engraving lithography techniques can only take features so far anything below 22nm is just not feasible. (European Nanotechnology Gateway, n. d. ) Right now, the newest chipsets using lithographic etching are being produced with 65nm features. Intel has complete a 10-15% improvement in drive catamenia, which means greater performance, through the use of nanotechnology.Meanwhile, at IBM, to aid the shrinking of the processors, researchers have developed transistors from carbon nanotubes. ( European Nanotechnology Gateway, n. d. ) Carbon nanotubes show great improvements compared to conventional silicon transistors. The carbon nanotubes are long, thin strands of carbon molecules. In the lab, they delivered more than double the amount of electrical current compared to the top-performing transistors currently on the market. ( European Nanotechnology Gateway, n. . )A single strand of ca rbon atoms (red)contained in a multi-walled carbon nanotube. (American Institute of Physics, 2003) Lithographic etching is being replaced with a new process called block co-polymer lithography, or BCP. Scientists have found a process to create nano-scale patterns that is expected to be used in the manufacture of microprocessors. employ the new process, silicon wafer features have been developed between five and 20 nanometers thick much smaller than the current 65 nanometers.In the figure below, you can see an image of a nano-scale microprocessor created by the BCP process (Nanotechnology, 2011) According to Nanotechnology Future Technology with the use of nanotechnology, it could be possible to transform desktop computers into computers that are the size of a watch but with more operating capacity and they will also last longer than current computersComputers with the capabilities of current workstations will be the size of a grain of sand and will be able to operate for decades with the equivalent of a single wristwatch battery.This technology advancement will forge computers more abundant, cheaper to manufacture, faster, and smaller. (Nanotechnology Future Technology, 2012) When a processors feature size is reduced, it uses less electricity and produces less heat, thereby becoming more efficient and economical to operate. Being more efficient and economical also means faster, more reliable overall performance of the computer. ConclusionNanotechnology will provide the world with advancements in electronics along with numerous other fields, such as biology, chemistry and medicine. In the future, nanotechnology will play a major role in the discovery of new components, such as nano-sized microprocessors, and will enhance many other existing technologies. Nanotechnology will be the major technology in thedevelopment of every machine in coming years. (Wifinotes, n. d. ) Nanotechnology will greatly improve the functionality and performance of computers.

Motivational Factor at Tesco Essay Example for Free

Motivational Factor at Tesco EssayThese theories concentrate of the benefits and importance of motivation, however researcher lay out it necessary for this research to consider that as it is mentioned by Vercueil, 2001 incorrectly implemented motivation management ca theatrical roles a harmful affect on the employees. Watt, 1998 refers to Anon manifestation that in the past motivation could be identifies as a way to make slew want what we want and differs it from manipulation that makes individuals do what we want. However at present as it mentioned by Bruce and Pepitone, 1999 modern employees argon much much sophisticated and are in search for a greater satisfaction from the job they are doing. Artificial reward or money alone are nor enough. Therefore modern organisations need to learn and control human nature as it indicates wherefore people in these case employees behave in a particular manner. Managers need to motivate the employee leading to a grater working perform ances and mainly managers have to understand their employees needs and their life organization in order to meet the employees expectations and motivate ones performance more efficiently. Staff retention is a significant element of each successful business.It is characterized by the employees desire to sustain in the organization and continuing plowshare to the business. In times of economic crisis more and more individuals have to take a breather at their jobs even if conditions are not favorable due to a risk of being unable to provide for a family. However more and more individuals are raising the importance of staff motivation management. compositions today have realized that a modern employee needs to be rightly motivated and encouraged, not only money wise, to ensure staff retention.Motivation is a force that stimulates people to perform an action. Therefore motivation is a force which compel people go to their work every day and that is why people bring improvement in them selves to satisfy the desire of becoming or accomplishing what they have bent out to become or accomplish in their life. More over with motivation any complicated situation can be converted into a simple and learning experience. In his research Watt, 2003 besides states that managers must understand that individuals want to be treated fairly and have equal opportunities to advance.He highlights the chore of motivation today. Often organizations do not recognize that the motivation management requires different approaches depending on the industry sectors. The problem of motivation and staff performance as it is stated by Green et al, 1999 might stay undetected, hidden and unresolved by the managers. Therefore managers often dont realize that it is important not only to appeal to the individuals intellect but to their hearts as well. Green et all, 1999 also identifies three main problems for motivation Lack of self-assertion Lack of trust Lack of satisfaction Well designed and implemented motivation strategy leads to employees retention therefore employees loyalty. Loyalty is a significant and vital part of any organization. As it is mentioned by Daft and Marcic, 2011 management should learn to allow all it s employees make a contribution and use its talents and potential in order to progress and improve their skills. This sort of motivation creates employees retention and ensures ones constant grow and contribution to the company. TK MAXX has a well genuine reward and development management.Organization believes that its people should be growing as well as the business. From the first time the employee joins the company organization provides a comprehensive induction programs and ensures that whether it is about moving up the career ladder, learning and development of new skills or gaining experience working in different countries there are plenty of available opportunities for the employees. Company has a strong rewards and benefits system, pension sc heme, holidays, private healthcare and voluntary benefits as a part of its employee motivation and ensures of employees happiness and satisfaction. alone this provides companies growth and efficient performances with a high rate of employees retention. Researcher believes that T. K. Max is a real example of a right motivation management. Organization aims at ensuring satisfaction of its employees and at the same time ensures a solid growth and development for the business. Therefore the researcher wanted to examine the motivation strategies utilize by T. K. Max and analyze its effect on the employees. 1. 3. The Company Background The organization that we have chosen for our research is one of the most successful retailers in the market today. T. K.Max management in the Uxbridge branch were excited and happy to participate in our research and granted us with a permission to use the organizations name in this investigation. T-K Maxx is a chain of clothing and accessories stores. The company was launched in 1994. It is a subsidiary of TJX Companies Inc. (TJXtra, JUNE 2010) TK MAXX always aimed to deliver frequently ever-changing and best quality products at a price which is 20-60% slight than other department and specialty stores regular prices. TK MAXX has label of Always up to 60% less and has target customers who is middle to upper-middle income shopper.But simultaneously who are fashion and value conscious. T. K. MAXX is now 7th largest fashion retailer in the U. K. It introduced the off price notion in the UK and it is now the only major off-price retailer in Europe. It was operating in UK and Ireland. Later on T. K. Maxx opened first stores in Germany in 2007 and also entered in Poland in 2009 (TJXtra, JUNE 2010) The reason why we the researcher choose TK-Maxx as an organization is its market share and the enormous global scale that its operate. Having its ludicrous position in UK market T. K.

Patient Risk Essay Example for Free

Patient Risk EssayThis example of a reflective adjudicate is presented in association with Price, B and Harrington, A (2013) Critical intellection and Writing for nursing Students, London, Learning Matters. Readers argon introduced to the process of critical and reflective idea and the translation of these into coursework that will help them to achieve better grades in nursing courses. Stewart, Raymet, Fatima and Gina are four students who share their learning journey through with(predicate)out the chapters of the book. In this essay on the assessment of suffering, Raymet demonstrates her reflective writing skills near the end of her course. Raymet had by this stage written some(prenominal) reflective practice essays and gained good marks. This time though she was encouraged to deepen her reflections, speculating selectively on how the identify of pang experience by a patient (Mrs force) might help her to work more creatively with patient perceptions and reported nee ds.N.B. Remember, copying essays such as this, submitting them as a whole or in part for assessment purposes, without attri anding the source of the material, may leave you open to the charge of plagiarism. Significant sanctions may follow for prevails who do this, including referral to the Nursing and Midwifery Council.Assessing Mrs pulls PainMc Caffery and Pasero (1999) state that pain is what the patient says it is. If we accept that guide, then nurses need to explore the patients perceptions of pain, as well as their report of experiences. The two are non quite the same. Patients may report their pain in a variety of ways, dependent on the nature and the intensity of pain and the context in which it is felt (e.g. whether they are ever distracted from the pain). Their perception of pain is a little more though and it includes the meaning that the pain has for them. It includes explanation of wherefore the pain is there in the firstly place, what it indicates some their bod y and what it couldsuggest might happen in the prospective (getting better, getting worse). The nurse assesses the account of pain shared by the patient, and this may be given in the form of a story. This is how it began, this is how it felt, this is what that meant to me and this is what I did or so it (Mishler et al. 2006)In this essay I explore the assessment of pain as conducted with one 60 year old patient whom I will c e real(prenominal) Mrs Drew. Whilst the essay describes an assessment of pain with a single patient, I try to share too almost ideas and questions that this provokes within me about pain assessment more generally. Mrs Drew made me think about some other patients, future assessments and what I had to do as a nurse to help patients. To help structure this essay I determination the framework described by Gibbs (1988). Whilst the outcome concerned relates a stage in Mrs Drews illness when she challenged her treatment protocol, it also includes some of the memo ries and thoughts that this patient refers to regarding her earlier illness and past ways of coping with pain. In particular, it prompted me to question to what extent I as a nurse should pep up analgesia, drawing off on what I had been taught about the effective control of pain. I had learned that it was better to control rather than to chase pain ( e.g. Mann and Carr, 2006 Forbes, 2007).Mrs Drew was diagnosed with lung cancer a year earlier and had initially had her illness treated by chemotherapy. This had helped her to achieve a remission that lasted for nearly ten calendar months (Hunt et al, 2009 describe the prognosis of this disease). The cancer had returned though and spread to her spine and it was here that she experienced most of her pain.It was at this stage that the doctors explained that her care would now be directed towards her comfort rather than a be cured _or_ healedto which she had replied, you mean moderating care. Mrs Drew was supported at home by her husba nd Neil and visited on a regular basis by union based nurses to whom I was attached as part of my student nurse prepare. She was prescribed oral morphine and could decide within stated limits how many another(prenominal) tablets she could discover in any one 24 hour period.The situationI had visited Mrs Drew on several occasions over the period of a month when the familiarity nurse and I were confronted by a tearful patient who announced that she did not wish to embrace the oral opiates quite as much as we were proposeing. As she spoke she held her husbands hand tightly, looking across to him as she described her experiences and olfactory propertyings about the matter. Yes, there had been some bad nights when the pain had woken her and she had to sit up and watch television to try and distract herself. Yes, sometimes the pain made her feel nauseous, but she was alarmed at how frequently she was victorious the pain tablets and how this made her feel about herself.However we ll meant the medication was, it didnt feel dignified to be so reliant on drugs, or quite so sleepy and unresponsive for such a high percentage of the day. Whilst the analgesia was working well when she took the tablets, the quality of life wasnt what she wanted. The lodge nurse listened patiently to Mrs Drew and then explained that it was design to go panic moments about such medication. Morphine had a reputation, one that people associated with misuse of drugs, rather than their healing(predicate) use. Used on a regular basis, the drug wouldnt cause addiction and it would provide a great deal of reassurance to Mr Drew as well. The biotic community nurse stated that she was quite sure that he respected his wifes need to sleep when she wished and to build the rhythm of the day around her needs.At this point Mrs Drew shook her husbands hand, and said, tell hertell her what weve talked about Mr Drew then explained that his wife was apply to dealing with pain, she had suffered rec urrent pain in her neck and shoulder after a road traffic accident some years onward. The pain had sometimes been severe, but he had massaged her shoulders and used shake up packs that she found soothing. They had decided that they wished to use this technique now, keeping the morphine for absolute emergencies, when she was losing sleep and couldnt eat as a result of the discomfort. The community nurse assured them that they were in charge of the analgesia and would be allowed to make their own decisions. She started to make notes though, and announced that she was making a referral to the cancer pain clinic, something that would help them to take stock of the situation.There was very good reason to suppose that this might be a paradox associated with choosing the right dosage of themorphine, rather than employ supplemental pain relief measures. Mrs Drew responded sharply, Youre not listening to me though Jane (the community nurses namea pseudonym is used here), I want to use h eat packs instead of morphine, at least during the day. I want to be more alive with my husband. The community nurse assured Mrs Drew that she had adjudicated what she had said and respected her point of view. There would though be nothing lost by exploitation the clinic to gain a pass on fix on this matter. With that she excused us, explaining that we had a further appointment that morning and we left, having checked that Mrs Drew had a sufficient supply of her contrary medicines.As we walked to the car the community nurse empathised with Mrs Drews plight, saying that if she had lung cancer she would probably grasp at straws too. She would reach out for things that seemed more normal, and then observed, but this isnt normal is it, the pain she has isnt normal. Its not just a whip lash injury and old age.FeelingsI remember that during this episode feeling a mixture of confusion, surprise, anger and impotence. Mrs Drew had surprised me by the way she had spoken, using what seeme d to be a planned announcement. They had waited for and by chance rehearsed this moment. Nothing in my experience to appointment had prepared me for such an encounter, at least in such circumstances, where we as nurses were so obviously working to support the patient. It was only later that I called the episode a confrontation. Mr and Mrs Drew had confronted the community nurse and I had been the largely silent witness to the event. As the discussion proceeded I remember making supportive noises, remarking how reusable heat packs sometimes were and glancing across at Jane, who seemed to be signalling with her expression that I should leave this debate to her. I was trying to read her reactions to the Drews points and conclude that if I couldnt support her arguments to the patient, then I should remain silent. There were issues here that I perhaps hadnt enough experience to deal with, at least, whilst thinking on my feet.My initial anger (with Mrs Drew for not acknowledging all th at we were trying to do) quickly became displaced towards my colleague Jane. During the event I couldnt explain why that was, but afterwards, when I made notes, I realised that it was because she seemed to have set the agenda in her own mind and to be requiring the patient to comply with concerns of her own. gravel rather crudely, Jane seemed to be saying, listen I know about these things, this is a phase, an anxiety you can work through all this. I believed at this point that she had missed the significance of the event, the way in which the Drews had arranged the conversation. For them, this was not a phase at all, but a considered and very crucial decision, one that they wanted the nurses to accept (Freshwater, 2002 and Edwards and Elwyn, 2009 emphasize the importance of negotiated care planning).My feelings of impotence were associated strongly with my lack of clinical experience. I have met this before. No matter how many placements I do, no matter how good the mentoring I re ceive, I keep meeting situations where I am unsure about how to respond next. I feel younger, little knowledgeable than I should be at this stage in my training. I want to reassure patients, to support colleagues and to give good advice, but there is not enough confidence to do that. If I felt unsettled and uncertain about Janes response to the Drews, right then I couldnt easily explain that. I couldnt offer a second opinion, couldnt suggest an idea that might help support the patient. To my pain in the ass I couldnt manage that either as we left the house. Jane had made some fair points, sheclearly seemed concerned about the patients needs, but perhaps she hadnt spotted the right needfor Mrs Drew to determine in greater part how she dealt with her illness.Experience evaluatedAfterwards, this short episode prompted doubts and debates about several important aspects of nursing for me. Setting aside the etiquette of learning in clinical practice, not challenging a qualified nurse in front of apatient, there were problems here associated with supporting patient dignity, with my assumptions relating to analgesia and pain control strategies, and I realised, with my assumptions about types of pain and who had the expertise to define these. Dignity is more than simply using the appropriate terms of address, protecting the privacy of patients and attending to their expressed concerns (Price, 2004). It is about clarifying the ways in which they live and accommodate illness or treatment. It is about finding out what benchmarks they use to say that yes, I am doing well here, this makes me feel good about myself.Upon reflection, I sense that we on this occasion had not worked hard enough to discover how Mr and Mrs Drew define quality of life, or being in charge of their situation. We were more concerned with providing resources, sharing research or theory about medication and questioning the familiar misconceptions associated with morphine. To put it simply, we were mis sing a trick, reading the encounter as something that had happened many times beforethe report of problems or anxieties, a request for help, rather than a decision that the patient and her carer had already come to. Reading situations well seemed, with the benefit of hindsight, to be the first basis for dignified care. What is happening here, what will help the patient most? were questions that we perhaps untrue that we already knew the answer to.I realised that in my training I had already accepted the argument that patients would wish to remain pain free come what may and that the tackling of fears about prospective pain, was something that nurses engaged in. I assumed that because cancer pain represented such a major threat, because it was greater and more all encompassing, that there was little or no doubt that it should be removed. What was so unsettling, and took so much time to examine, was that Mrs Drew acknowledged the possible severity of metastatic cancer pain, but that she still favourite(a) to respond to it using measures that had worked for her whiplash neck injury. Mrs Drew was willing to trade off a pain free state for something that gave her a greater sense of control and which perhaps enabled her husband to express his support for her in a very tangible way (preparing heat packs, massaging her back, rather than simply giving her the tablets). Mr and Mrs Drew questioned all my assumptions about best analgesia practice, and seemed to write a largequestion mark on the textbooks I had read about chasing rather than controlling pain in palliative care situations (Mann and Carr, 2006).Reflections (learning opportunities)The episode with Mrs Drew left me uncomfortable because my past approach to pain management was theoretical. I (and I believe Jane too) regularly made use of science to decide what could be done as regards pain relief and to assume that patients would wish to achieve all of those benefits. This wasnt about local applications of he at versus morphine, Mrs Drew could use both, it was about choice and how patients made choiceswhy they reached the decisions that they did. It was for me, about accepting very personally, that providing that patients are given all the relevant facts, alerted to the options, that they really are able to make choices that work for them. The very fact that Mrs Drews illness was now incurable, that she and her husband usually tackled pain together, meant that her solution to the challenge was different to those that many other patients arrived at. Having dealt with this pain for some time, knowing that it could and probably would get worse, meant that she was better equipped than other less experienced patients to make a decision here. This took nothing external from the benefits of sharing further discussion with pain clinic experts.I thought, Mrs Drew will stand her ground, she will insist on doing things her way if her husband is strong too. What it did highlighting though was the importance of listening to patients, hearing how they perceive pain, how they narrate not only the pain but what they did about it. In this instance the narration was all about dignity, and coping, and finding ways to help one another and how this enables us to feel in the face of such a terrible illness. So, in sexual intercourse us about her pain, what she did about it, using morphine when it was absolutely required, Mrs Drew was not reporting her ignorance of what could be achieved if the medication was used differently, but what she preferred to do as it enabled her to achieve different goals. Mrs Drews goals were about liveliness, alertness and stoicism, showing that she could bear at least a measure of pain.I wondered why I hadnt listened carefully enough to such a story? Was it because of time pressure, or perhaps complacency, that Jane and I felt that we already knew what account would beshared? Did we think that the patient would ask for help, more help, as the pain contin ued? If so, then our guesses had prompted us to behave as experts, and problem solvers, on the patients behalf. Perhaps hearing a patient narrative is about discovering what sort of role they would like you to fulfil. If so, then it might be a difficult role. I thought hard about how hard this was for Jane. She was going to be asked to witness Mrs Drews future pain, one that was now less perfectly controlled. She was going to be asked to reassure, to suggest measures that might help, without reminding the patient that she already knew that you couldnt manage pain that way When I think about it now, that is very stressful for a nurse. It is about caring and allowing patients to make choices that we personally might not make.ConclusionsI have drawn then threesome conclusions from the above reflection. First, that being patient centred is never easy and requires real listening and interpretation skills. My criticism of what Jane chose to do, to try and dissuade Mrs Drew from a course of action, recommending further appraisal of the situation, is an easy one to make. Nurses confront situations such as this relatively unprepared and react as considerately as possible. It is easy in hindsight to recommend other responses, a further exploration of what motivated Mrs Drews pain management preferences.Second, that experience can be a valuable teacher, the peer of textbooks. If nurses are interested in care, then we should be concerned with the sense that patients make of their own illness, the treatment or support that they receive. We need to understand what patients have to teach us and have to acknowledge that this means that we wont always seem in control ourselves, expert and knowledgeable. Our expertise might be elsewhere, helping patients to reach their own decisions.Third, that one way to understand patient perspectives on illness or treatment, on pain management in this example, is to hear how they talkabout the situation. How do they describe the pain, how do they refer to what they did about it? The way in which the story is shared, how we coped, how this made us feel, is as important as the facts related. Sometimes a patient needs to feel stalwart, even heroic in the face of illness.Future careIt would be foolish and unprofessional to recommend to other patients that they might not wish to remove pain, or that overcoming pain doesnt always mean we dont continue to experience it. For any Mrs Drew there may be many other patients who would welcome the complete removal of pain, so that they can die calmly, quietly, with their own version of dignity. only if it does seem to me, that it will be worth thinking about the diversity of patients and how they prefer to cope when I assess pain and help manage this problem in the future. I wont be able to walk away from the responsibility of debating whether I have explained all that I could, detailed the strengths and limitations of different ways of coping. I will need to find reflection tim e to ponder what patients have said and if necessary to go back and say, Ive been thinking some more about your words last week.. knowing that this doesnt make me any the less professional.ReferencesEdwards, A and Elwyn, G (2009) Shared decision-making in health care achieving evidencebased patient choice, 2nd ed. Oxford, Oxford University Press Forbes, K (2007) Opiods in cancer pain, Oxford, Oxford University Press Freshwater, D (2002) Therapeutic nursing improving patient care through self awareness, London, Sage.Gibbs G (1988) Learning by doing a guide to teaching and learning methods, Oxford, Oxford Polytechnic Further Education unitHunt, I., Muers, M and Treasure, T (2009) alphabet of lung cancer, Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell/BMJ BooksMann, E and Carr, E (2006) Pain management, Oxford, Blackwell McCaffery, M and Pasero, C (1999) Pain Clinical manual, Mosby, Philadelphia Mishler, E., Rapport, F and Wainwright, P (2006) The self in health and illness patients, professionals and narr ative identity, Oxford, Radcliffe publicationLtd Price, B (2004) Demonstrating respect for patient dignity, Nursing Standard, 19(12), 45-51